Watermelon wilt disease and anthracnose are common in watermelon, especially in low-lying areas, poor drainage, excessive nitrogen fertilizer application, and poor ventilation. At present, some melon farmers have great blindness in their fertilization, and the melon farmers have the misunderstanding of “dung and groundwater, no need to ask people†and the idea of ​​reapplying nitrogenous fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers, ignoring potash fertilizers and ignoring trace fertilizers. Due to the deficiency of potassium fertilizer and certain trace elements, the absorption and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus in watermelon are hindered, and the imbalance of nutrients in the soil is caused. The soil compaction and the soil conditions for watermelon growth are seriously damaged, resulting in more and more occurrence of watermelon pests and diseases. serious.
In order to avoid further deterioration of this situation, we must start by improving soil ecological conditions and apply scientific and rational fertilizers. First, apply base fertilizer. Watermelon field basal fertilizer generally applies 40 kg of ecological fertilizer per mu or 5000 kg of farmyard fertilizer, 40-50 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 5 kg of urea, and 8 to 10 kg of potassium chloride. It is advisable to apply it in furrows, and it can also be applied to guaranes and then turned into the soil. Second, Qiao Shi Miao Fei. In the basal fertilizer, some chemical fertilizer land has been applied. As long as there is no fertilizer deficiency during the seedling stage, no fertilizer may be applied. If less fertilizer is applied to the basal fertilizer, or if no fertilizer is applied to the land, the Miao Fei should be traced in an appropriate amount. Fertilization time is appropriate when the seedling grows to 2 true leaves, or 4 to 5 kilograms of urea per acre is applied before pouring the seedling water. Seedling fertilizer should not be too much seedlings, too close to the roots, so as not to cause stiff seedlings burning root. Third, the extension of vinegar. After the watermelon vine spreads, the vine should be stretched before pouring water. In general, 10-20 kg of ecological fertilizer, 20-25 kg of urea, and 10-12 kg of potassium sulfate are applied to each acre. Extension of vines to the ditch is appropriate, but the ditch should not be too close to the melon plant, so as not to hurt the roots, fertilization cover soil. Fourth, apply fertilizer sparingly. Before and after the flowering of watermelon, it is a critical period for melons. In order to ensure normal sitting melons, generally do not top-dressing. However, when the young melon grows to the size of the duck egg, the watermelon enters the peak of the fat absorption period. If the lack of fat during this period not only affects the enlargement of the watermelon but also results in the later defertilization, so that the plant prematurely declines, which not only reduces the watermelon yield but also affects the quality of the watermelon. Therefore, it is advisable to apply squash fertilizer, generally 5 to 10 kg of compound fertilizer can be applied to water. V. Spray foliar fertilizer in the later period. Water-absorbing capacity of roots of watermelons after swelling melons has been weakened. In order to make up for lack of root absorption and ensure normal ripening of watermelons, foliar spray can be applied, such as spraying 0.2% to 0.3% of urea solution.
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