In the late spring and early summer, abnormalities and treatment measures were often encountered in the cultivation of oyster mushrooms

Late spring and early summer is a good season for cultivating oyster mushrooms. However, due to improper operation of some mushroom farmers, the abnormal phenomenon such as yellowing and necrosis of the mushroom sticks after the mushroom grows, the acidity of the culture materials, and the delay of mushroom growth after the bag is full, make the success rate, yield, and quality all have The decline will directly affect economic efficiency. Based on years of production practice and people's experience, the author summarizes the causes of the anomalies and their handling measures as follows.
First, the mushroom bag mushrooms after the death of a large number of mushrooms in the late spring and early summer, and sometimes mushroom sticks after mushrooming, a large number of yellow mushrooms, soft, the base is thicker, and then withered and decayed into dead mushrooms. Reasons: First, after the formation of mulberry primordium, the temperature continued to exceed 30 °C, causing the blight to gradually wither, resulting in a large number of mushroom deaths; Second, the medium is too dry, the relative humidity of the air is too low, the buds form after the mushroom room or If the relative humidity of the air in the shed is lower than 80%, the mushroom will shrink and wilt due to the rapid evaporation of the water in the mushroom body. Third, the ventilation will be bad, and the carbon dioxide concentration in the mushroom room (shed) will increase rapidly. When the relative humidity exceeds 0.5%, it will be large. Such as the fist or shank to cover the small size of the mushroom. When the concentration of carbon dioxide is higher, the young mushroom will be suffocated; the fourth is too much water, so that the mushroom body prone to cause edema, then yellow ulceration, causing the disease to be infected and died.
Treatment measures First, during the mushrooming period, when the temperature is too high, cooling measures should be taken. The well water can be used to spray the mushroom room or the shed floor and surrounding areas to reduce the temperature to less than 30°C. The outdoor mushroom shed must be thickened with straw or rice straw. Yin, and strengthen ventilation and ventilation management; Second, after the emergence of bacteria bags, the relative humidity of the mushroom room or shed should be increased to about 90%, spray water every day to reach 4 to 5 times, each water spray to do less , fine, diligent, uniform, young buds should not spray directly to the mushroom body; Third, with the growth of fruiting bodies, ventilation should be enhanced, especially in high temperature period, but also pay attention to ventilation, ensure that the mushroom room or shed Fresh air; Fourth, we must correctly grasp the amount of water spray, neither water nor water. The main reason for increasing the air humidity is to sprinkle water on the ground and walls, and try to avoid directly spraying water on the mushroom fruiting bodies.
Second, part of the bag only one end of the long mycelium access to the same species at both ends of a bag, often only one end of the mycelium grow well, the other end of the hyphae atrophy and death. Reasons: First, the sterilized stove was built unreasonably. Condensed water could not flow back into the pan along the stove wall, but irregularly flowed into a part of the bag mouth, so that the culture material at this end absorbed too much water and inhibited the growth of the mycelium; the second was the bag. Immediately close to the wall of the pot, the pan is too full, and there is too little space between the two. This obstructs the circulation of the vapor. Condensed water flows from the wall of the stove to the bag at the end of the pot, causing the culture material at this end to become too wet, and hindering the growth of the mycelium.
Treatment measures: First, the stove top is built into a round arch, so that the condensate flows back into the pan along the stove wall; second, the discharge of the material bag should have a certain distance from the stove wall to avoid water intake; third, the material bag should not be over-crowded. In order to speed up the steam cycle, improve the sterilization effect; Fourth, single use rubber band or string rope pocket, the hyphae should be loosened after the colonization to increase ventilation, the best use of plastic collar, cover paper seal To prevent the death of mycelium caused by lack of oxygen. Fifthly, a hole should be made in the middle of the bag, and the bacteria (especially the grain) should be directly inserted into the hole to avoid direct contact between the bacteria and the plastic bag and to prevent the bacteria from condensing in the bag wall.
Third, the mycelium was full of bags after a long time without mushroom bag, mycelium growth is very strong, but the mycelium full of bags after the delay in not mushroom, and some after 2 to 3 months still does not bud. The reason: First, improper selection of strains. In the late spring and early summer, the medium-low temperature type was cultivated; second, the carbon and nitrogen ratio of the culture medium was unsuitable; and third, when the parent species was expanded, the aerial mycelium was excessively picked, causing the agglomeration of the original species and cultivated species. , will seriously affect the formation of fruiting bodies; Fourth, after the hyphae are full, in the case of high temperature, low air humidity, prematurely open the bag mouth, so that the surface forms a layer of dry thick fungal film, so that the bacteria Lei can't differentiate.
Treatment measures One should cultivate high-temperature type mushroom species in late spring and early summer. If a medium-low temperature type mushroom is cultivated, the bag should be fastened at both ends. After the fall of the temperature, the bag should be opened and the mushroom should be opened to reduce the loss. The plastic bag can also be removed, the bacteria sticks are horizontally placed in a cool, cool place, covered with about 2 centimeters of crushed soil, covered with straw curtains, and can also be mass-produced; second is the rational preparation of carbon in the culture material. Nitrogen ratio. Pleurotus ostreatus in the mycelium stage, the culture medium more appropriate carbon and nitrogen ratio of 20:1, in the fruiting body stage, the required carbon and nitrogen ratio of 30 to 40:1 as well. If the proportion of carbon and nitrogen in the culture medium is out of balance, nitrogen is too much and carbon is insufficient, vegetative growth will be too prosperous and the mycelium will be strewn. In severe cases, it may even grow thick and form schistosomiasis, which inhibits reproductive growth. Delayed fruiting, affecting yield. Wheat bran, rice bran, potato, bean cakes, corn, etc. contain abundant nitrogen, and should be added in an appropriate amount. If there is a carbon-nitrogen ratio imbalance in the culture material, the thick epidermis should be scratched off and sprayed with 0.5% glucose or (0.5-1) 10-6-triacontanol and other carbon-containing substances to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio. At the same time strengthen ventilation, light and increase temperature stimulation, it can be budding as soon as possible; Third, the number of expansion of the mother can not be too much; Fourth, the surface of the mushroom rod, such as the formation of thick pellicles affect the mushroom, the available wire in the bacteria The bag is poked two holes, and then the surface of the bag is scratched with a small nail to dry the veil. The bag is immersed in water below 25°C for 8 to 12 hours. After the water is sucked, the water is drained and the rack is resupplied to increase the ventilation, light, and temperature difference. Humidity in the air will also quickly produce mushrooms.
Fourth, there are a large number of mushroom buds in the middle of the bag:
One is that the charge is not tight, there is a gap between the material and the bag; the second is the pressure is too large when sterilizing, expansion of the break bag or make the bag bulge; Third, the material bag punctured during loading or handling; Fourth, the bacteria During the silk growth stage, the culture environment is uncomfortable. For example, if the temperature difference is too large, the light is strong, and the air humidity is high, both of them will promote the generation of fruit body primordium in the middle of the bag.
Treatment measures Firstly, when loading materials, they must be compacted while being tightly packed, tightly closed inside, so that the culture material and the wall of the bag are in close contact, and no gaps can be left. Second, the loading and handling of the materials should be handled carefully to avoid breakage of the material bag and slow evaporation of the material. The third is to create the suitable environmental conditions for the development of mycelium, the culture room should be shading, to maintain a constant temperature, relative humidity maintained at about 70%. The bacteria culture room and the mushroom room should be separated.
V. Causes of burning bacteria:
Burning bacteria are excessively high in the mycelial growth environment. If the temperature in the culture room reaches 30°C or more, the mycelial vigor will be exceeded. When the room temperature reaches 40°C, the fungus will burn and cause mycelium death. .
Treatment measures The culture room should be kept at a constant temperature and the temperature should not exceed 30°C. When the temperature in the culture room exceeds 30°C, it must be turned and ventilated in time. In order to avoid burning bacteria, the best cultivation in the summer is in a cool room. It is better to discharge the bacteria bags in a single layer. A thermometer is inserted in the bag to observe the temperature change. If the temperature is high, sprinkle some cold water on the ground, open the doors and windows for ventilation, etc. and take cooling measures. It should be pointed out that the temperature in the culture medium is generally 3 to 5°C higher than the room temperature and should be noticed.
Sixth, mycelium is not full of bag mushroom reasons:
First, the environmental conditions of the mycelium culture stage are not suitable, such as the culture material is too dry or too wet; the pressure is too tight when loading; the nutrient composition in the medium is poor; the light is too strong; the temperature difference is too large; the pH is not suitable; Being too old, etc., so that mycelium viability decline.
Treatment measures to create the best conditions for the growth and development of suitable mycelium, including ingredients, moisture content, pH, temperature, light, etc., must be suitable for the needs of vegetative growth; Second, select high-quality, white, stout and strong viable strains .
Seventh, culture materials become sour and odor culture material bagging sterilization access bacteria, the material will emit a sour smell, affect the mycelial growth. Reasons: First, the culture material is not fresh and clean, with a large number of miscellaneous bacteria, especially the use of old materials, in the case of incomplete disinfection and sterilization, due to the proliferation of various types of mold within the material, resulting in rancidity of the culture material, It will produce an unpleasant sour odor. Second, the water content of the ingredients will be too much. The supply of oxygen in the material will be insufficient. This will cause anaerobic bacteria and yeasts to multiply and multiply. This will cause the culture material to rot and deteriorate. The mycelium culture stage will be due to the bag. Overlapping, increased material temperature, so that the growth rate of bacteria to speed up; Third, the species of wheat bacteria and the bag contact, due to bag wall condensation soaked wheat, so that bacteria rot; Fourth, the material nitrogen nutrition is too high, and The added lime reacts chemically and produces ammonia odor.
Treatment measures: First, choose raw materials before cultivation, use fresh, clean, mildew-free, no agglomeration of culture materials, spices before exposure in sunlight for 2 to 3 days; second, control the moisture when mixing materials, do not dry Too moist, cotton shell and water ratio of 1:1.3 to 1.4 is appropriate, other crops straw water amount of 1:1.4 to 1.5 is good, water added 0.1% to 0. 2% of bactericides such as carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl; third, culture materials with excessive acid and odor should be poured out of the bag as soon as possible and adjusted with 2% lime water to achieve a pH of around 7.5. , About 60% moisture content, replanting cultivation; Fourth, such as ammonia is too heavy, you can add 2% of alum water mix and deodorization. Can also be sprayed with 10% formaldehyde solution with deodorization; Fifth, if the culture material has rot black, can only be used as high-quality fertilizer into the field and can not be used for cultivation. The odor spread on the cultivation site can be removed by spraying deodorant. Deodorant formula is: 5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 95 parts of sodium bisulfate, ground into powder at room temperature and stir well Serve.

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