Alfalfa Pasture Planting Technology

First, the establishment of alfalfa grassland

1. Design of grassland (1) The plots selected for the establishment of alfalfa pasture should not have pesticide residues, such as atrazine, etc. The plot area should not be less than 5 hectares, otherwise it is not conducive to mechanical operations; plots cannot Long-term flooding; soil pH value of 6.5 ~ 8.5, that is, neutral to slightly alkaline soil, if the soil pH value is less than 6.5, lime should be applied before planting grassland sowing; phosphorus, potassium, manganese and other elements are not lacking in the soil.
(2) Sprinkler irrigation and drainage facilities shall be provided for the planting of the alfalfa grass plots. Alfalfa is a large water-consuming plant with a transpiration coefficient of 800, which consumes 800 tons of water per 1000 tons of dried matter. However, it is not resistant to flooding. Alfalfa continues to inundate for 24 hours. ,death.
2. Establishment of grassland (1) Selection of varieties The quality of alfalfa varieties directly affects the efficiency of pastures. If the variety is good, the grassland can have a high yield period of 3 to 5 years or more. If the variety is not good, the yield and quality of the grassland can be greatly reduced after a high yield period of 1 to 2 years, thereby shortening the grassland's useful life. ,reduces the direct benefits of the pasture. Therefore, to establish a high-yield, high-quality, long-lasting alfalfa pasture, we must select varieties with high quality, high yield, disease resistance, and cold resistance.
(2) The land preparation site for alfalfa to be sown, after the harvest of the former crop, in order to control the perennial weeds, requires deep-spotting the soil preparation, and after dispersal, the disc shall be used to disintegrate the soil blocks. If the soil blocks are hard and dry, it is recommended that Sprinkler irrigation, after the smashing and then carry out the squeaking operation, to squash, squeak fine, and then suppress it again, people step on the footprint depth of not more than 1 cm is appropriate. Surface soil requires finesse and leveling to achieve sowing.
(3) Seeds of alfalfa seed are very small, and the weight per thousand grains is only 2.0-2.3 g. The use of Rhizobium seed dressing before seeding will help the formation of root nodules, increase nitrogen fixation and promote growth. Alfalfa can be planted from spring to autumn, but spring sowing or wheat harvest is recommended until the summer of August 5. The sowing in these two periods will not only waste land resources, but also ensure safe wintering. The seeds can germinate at 5-6°C, and the optimum temperature is 18-25°C. The sowing rate is 13.0 to 15.0 kg per hectare, and 14.3 to 15.5 kg for the coated seeds. The depth of loam and clay sowing is 0.6-1.2 cm, and that of sandy loam is 1.2-2.5 cm. Seeding alfalfa has a dedicated pasture planter that can be suppressed in time after sowing. In order to ensure the emergence of seedlings, the soil surface should be kept wet after sowing, and at a suitable temperature, the seedlings can emerge in 3 to 4 days.
(4) Fertilization Scientific fertilization uses soil testing and fertilization. The content of available phosphate in the soil for growth of barnyardgrass is 75.0 kg/ha, and the available potassium content is 195.0 kg/ha. If the phosphorus and potassium contents cannot reach this standard after soil testing, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be increased in proportion to the deficiency. Planting mites are generally not applied with nitrogen fertilizer. If they are to be applied, the amount of nitrogen applied should not exceed 22.5 kg/ha.
3. Management of pasture establishment (1) Control of weeds Before weeds are sown, they must be deep-rooted, which is very effective in eradicating 1 year old weeds and weakening perennial weeds. Grass weeding with chemical agents generally does not promote soil treatment before planting. Because the depth of the seeding is very shallow, it is very susceptible to phytotoxicity. After the seedlings are sown, they are blocked with 5% Puschite 1.50 to 1.75 kg/ha before seedlings, and 2,4-DB butyrate or chlorfenapyr, but 2,4- The DB butyric acid emulsion must be used when the alfalfa grows to 2 to 3 pieces of compound leaves, otherwise it has an inhibitory effect on the growth of alfalfa. Post-emergence herbicide works best when the weeds grow to 6-8 cm, but it must be noted that 2,4-DB butyric acid emulsion can not be used 60 days before harvest, and can not be used 14 days before the harvest. This is to ensure the safety of livestock and poultry harvested.
(2) Pest control Pest control diseases mainly include downy mildew, rust, brown spot, and anthrax. In the case of serious carcass disease, the quality of earthworms has been greatly reduced, and animals have suffered from illnesses such as snoring and illness. The prevention and control of aphid diseases is mainly based on the selection of disease-resistant varieties; followed by timely cutting, removal of diseased plants to prevent the spread; the third is the use of chemical control, control of brown spot with radomil or thiophanate-methyl, prevention and treatment of rust with triadimefon, B Phosphorus, antivirus and other agents. Insect pests mainly include aphids, aphids, and elephant-eating insects. Insect pests can not be controlled when the harm is not serious. In general, when the grass is planted in the same year, the insects in the autumn are severely infested. At this time, high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue pharmaceuticals such as phoxim, chlorate, and dicamba can be selected. Chemical control.
(3) Moisture management The growth needs to consume a large amount of water, and its growth requires a soil moisture content of 60% to 90%. Although the earthworm root is deeper and can absorb groundwater, excessive soil drought will reduce the yield and quality of earthworms. Therefore, when the soil moisture content of the grass is less than 60%, it is necessary to spray water. In addition, weedy pastures should be poured over winter water and return to Qingshui before winter and after returning green each year. This is to ensure the safe wintering of alfalfa and prevent the soil from overgrowth after sprouting. It should be noted that before the castration, 15 Sprinkler irrigation should not be done in the sky, and whether or not to spray irrigation depends on soil moisture.
(4) After the erection of pasture on the grassland, grazing and mowing are prohibited within 60 days after emergence of the earthworm. After 60 days of emergence, if the pods reach the first flowering stage (the number of flowering reaches 10%), they can be culverted for the first time; if the florets reach the first flowering stage before the beginning of August, they can be sliced ​​once more, but it must be ensured in the frost (the minimum temperature continues to maintain Or less than -4°C.) Before the grassland has 6-8 weeks of growth, this will allow the roots to store enough energy to survive the winter and quickly return to the green in the following year. If it is summer sowing, it does not advocate harvesting that year.
4. Management after establishment of grassland in the second year (1) Weed control For alfalfa pastures that have been established, since alfalfa spring is returning to early spring, strong growth and rapid growth, it has an inhibitory effect on the growth of weeds. Therefore, there is only a small amount of weeds in the alfalfa, generally without control, but when the number of weeds is enough to affect the quality of alfalfa, manual extraction or chemical control methods can be taken. For weeds, broad-leaved weeds are treated with Pusit, 2,4-DB butyric acid emulsion, but they cannot be used multiple times, otherwise they will inhibit the growth of alfalfa.
(2) Pest control With the increase of the establishment period of Alfalfa grassland, the caries should be aggravated accordingly. Attention should be paid to observation, timely prevention and control, and the methods of prevention and treatment should be the same as before.
(3) Alfalfa pastures that have been established for cutting and cutting times can usually be harvested for 2 to 3 tons. After harvesting green, the first crop can be harvested in the first half of June. The first crop requires harvesting at the early flowering stage; 28 to 33 days, ie, the second crop can be harvested in early July; and the interval is 35 to 40 days, ie, the middle and late August. The third crop is harvested, and there is still 6 to 8 weeks from the frost period. It is enough to grow and store energy to facilitate winter.
Second, the alfalfa harvest The key to harvesting alfalfa is to make the plants lose moisture as quickly as possible, and quickly dry to facilitate timely packing or baling.
1. Making hay The alfalfa should have special cutting sunning machinery and flattening machinery. The harvesting height should be 3 to 5 cm. The harvesting time should be cut as far as possible in the morning to catch the best drying time at noon. Adjust the flattening machinery at the time of harvest to make the grass wide and loose to facilitate drying. In order to speed up drying, desiccants such as K2CO3, NO2CO3, etc. can also be used. Note that when using a desiccant, the surface of the grass field must be dried, otherwise the desiccant absorbs the ground moisture and adversely affects the drying. During the drying process, it should be selected to turn over in the early morning or evening when there is dew, otherwise it is easy to cause loss of leaves and nutrition.
The water requirement for the baling is reduced to 18% to 20%, that is to say, it takes a handful, and the screw is cut off. Otherwise, the moisture is too high and it is not suitable for bundling. When the bale is too low, it will easily cause loss of leaves, excessive moisture, and the bale will be easily deteriorated. In order to prevent mild deterioration of the bale, consider using preservatives.苜蓿 Bundles use specialized bundling machinery.
2. After the stretch film wrapping silage is chopped and the moisture content drops below 65%, it can be pressed into a compact large cylindrical bale with a pick-and-place baler, and then a wrapping machine or silage stretch film can be used. Wrap the bales tightly and wrap them in a dry place.
In addition, drying for 1 to 2 hours after castration can be directly fed, or silage silage can be used.
Third, the pasture renews an alfalfa pasture in the case of proper management, can use 3 to 5 years or even longer. If pastures are planted several years after they are planted, there will be poor plant growth, serious diseases and insect pests, and the quality and yield of earthworms will be greatly reduced. Grassland regeneration should be considered. In order to increase economic efficiency, once the pasture is determined to be updated, it should be immediately turned off. In order to ensure the stable and stable production of pastures, a certain area of ​​alfalfa should be sowed each year, and the same variety should not be sown on a large area to ensure the high yield of the grassland and the possibility of resisting the hazards of disaster climate conditions.

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