Talking about the Limiting Factors and Countermeasures of Spring Wheat Development in our Province 1
Source: Seed World
Wang Deqiang (Heilongjiang Seed Administration Bureau Harbin)
Li Yu (Heilongjiang Farming Shuanghui Agricultural Production Co., Ltd.)
Peng Jifeng (Dragon River Farm, Heilongjiang Province)
Spring wheat is one of the best quality wheat varieties in the world. These hard red spring wheats are known as "hard red springs" for their strong gluten and for breadmaking. High-quality spring wheat is prolific in Canada and the United States. The natural ecological environment and climate conditions in our province are similar to those in Canada and the US spring wheat production regions, and it is entirely possible to produce high-quality spring wheat. Our province has a unique ecology that produces high-quality wheat in the “hard red springsâ€. With regard to environmental and resource advantages, from the perspective of agricultural sustainable development, the planting area of ​​spring wheat in our province is appropriate at 1.33 million hm2 in order to achieve a reasonable rotation of crops. The fact is exactly the opposite, especially since the late 1990s, due to ecological conditions, The combined effects of the market and the country’s related agricultural policies, especially rice and soybeans, are highly profitable, and the comparative benefits of wheat have reduced the wheat planting area in the province, which has fallen rapidly to a historical low in recent years. According to statistics, from 2003 to 2007, the wheat planting area in our province has been about 230,000 hm2, which has broken the original cropping system of “Mianyizaodouâ€. The destruction of the rotation system has serious consequences for the development of agriculture in our province: the destruction of farmland ecosystems, the increasing sowing of soybeans in the province, the deterioration of physiochemical properties of plough layers, the occurrence of large areas of soybean cyst nematode disease, and the yearly Increased trend. Therefore, in order to ensure the sustainable development of agriculture in our province, we should gradually expand the spring wheat planting area.
1 The limiting factors for the development of wheat production in our province
1.1 Drought in the growing season limits the increase in yields
Heilongjiang is a dry farming area. In recent years, early dry northward migration has become a local climate trend. The excessive reclamation of barren hills and slopes has made the already extremely limited ecological environment's ability to regulate the climate to decline; In addition, the continued "Neckline Dryness" in May and June each year has become a fatal factor that restricts wheat production. Continued wheat crop failures in recent years have seriously dampened the enthusiasm of growers.
1.2 The product quality is poor. High quality does not have better prices
For a long time, grain production in our province has been carried out according to the level of production rather than quality and actual demand in the market. This has caused wheat production in our province to neglect production and neglect quality. As a result, in the past, for a long period of time, the quality and processing quality of wheat products was not good. , Low flour extraction rate, gluten content, sedimentation value, stability time and other quality indicators are not high, resulting in lack of market competitiveness of spring wheat, a large inventory of inventory over time, coupled with the current varieties of large variations in quality, poor stability, it is difficult Satisfy the processing requirements of flour companies and food processing companies. It is difficult for the wheat collection and storage department to achieve high quality and price, which has also seriously dampened the farmers' enthusiasm for planting wheat.
1.3 High Planting Costs, Low Benefits
Compared with winter wheat, spring wheat has short tillering period, low tillering rate, and low spike rate, coupled with poor production conditions (water and fertilizer management), production has been relying on the main spike to increase production, the amount of seed used is about 300kg/hm2, and the amount of chemical fertilizer is also large. In winter wheat area (low utilization rate). Although the degree of mechanization of wheat production in our province is high, due to the low yield in most spring wheat regions, the cost of wheat grain in most spring wheat regions is much higher than that in winter wheat regions, and the quality of wheat in spring wheat regions is relatively poor, with long distances and high freight rates. , causing spring wheat to sell hard, does not have market competitiveness in terms of price and quality. In most spring wheat regions, wheat has the lowest comparative benefits among the four major food crops: corn, soybean, rice, and wheat.
1.4 Extensive management and low standardization
Some of the state-owned farms in our province have more standard wheat specifications. However, the contradiction between the vast rural areas, small-scale operations and the big market is outstanding. The technology is not standardized, the operation standards are not well understood and implemented, and the management is extensive. Many farmers only receive two production links. Due to the comparatively low benefit, many conventional technologies such as seed coating, chemical weed control, late-stage foliar spray, irrigation and pest control are difficult to implement.
Talking about the Limiting Factors and Countermeasures of Spring Wheat Development in our Province 2
Source: World Seed Category: Technical Articles Update Time: 2008-8-20 8:48:49 Read 5 times
2 Countermeasures for wheat production in our province
At present, wheat production in our province suffers from a wide variety of varieties, disorder, and miscellaneous phenomena, mixed crops and mixed harvests, serious sprouting of the ear, high cost, and low efficiency. The planting area of ​​high-quality special wheat is small, and there is no perfect supporting cultivation technology. Measures have prevented the quality of high quality wheat from being fully demonstrated. In response to this situation, structural adjustment of varieties must be carried out in order to increase the proportion of high-quality wheat grown in the real estate and enhance market competitiveness so as to create a situation suitable for the sustainable development of the market economy, develop wheat production, increase wheat production, and develop high-quality wheat. Prerequisites: Without the development of wheat production and the increase in production, there is no possibility of developing high-quality wheat. At present, wheat production in our province is in short supply of hard, high-protein, strong gluten wheat for high-quality bread and soft, low-protein, weak-gluten wheat for high-quality biscuit cakes. In terms of variety standards, it should be high-quality, high-yield, stable production, efficient and comprehensive development to meet the needs of different ecological environments, different processing uses and different production levels. It should be targeted for the scientific planning of high-quality wheat varieties and effective use.
2.1 Further improve quality and increase variety potential
Among the wheat varieties in our province, there is a lack of high-quality hard wheat with high protein content and strong gluten and high-quality soft wheat varieties with low protein content and weak gluten. Most hard wheat are not high or low, and soft wheat is not low or strong, or The inferior quality type with high protein content and poor gluten strength should accelerate research work on wheat quality improvement, focusing on high-protein strong gluten wheat and low-protein weak gluten wheat. At the same time, we should combine quality zoning and varieties of regional planting, promote "nitrogen fertilizer after migration" and late-stage foliar spray fertilizer, pest prevention and other technologies, improve the quality of spring wheat processing and product quality, improve the stability of the quality and enhance market competitiveness. In rural areas, it is necessary to restore contiguous planting, unify varieties, unify planting schemes, unify planting management and harvest, apply large machinery and advanced management techniques on the basis of contiguous planting, thereby further increasing the yield potential of varieties, and promoting large-scale mechanical operations to machinery. As a carrier, we will carry out integrated assembly of various advanced technologies to improve the standardization of wheat field operations. Expand the area of ​​deep loosening, deepen the plough layer, enhance the ability of the soil to conserve water, and increase the ability of the soil to resist drought.
2.2 Reducing the cost of seed wheat and increasing output benefits
In the appropriate areas, we will promote the sowing and seeding techniques of spring wheat, rational fertilizer and water management, and promote the combination of control, establishment of a reasonable population structure, and the potential for increasing the yield of tillers or grains and grain weight. Breeding and application of waterlogging-resistant, low-consumption wheat varieties, using water-saving, water-harvesting, water-conserving techniques and balanced fertilization techniques, advocating less, no-tillage, and compound operation techniques, applying pesticide adjuvant technology, thereby reducing machinery, fertilizer, pesticides, The management costs such as labor force will simplify the cultivation technology and increase the technological content, further reduce the production cost and increase the benefits of planting wheat. Pay attention to the utilization potential of non-resource soils and non-resource waters, reduce environmental pollution and damage to the environment.
2.3 Utilize the pull of market economy to influence wheat production, processing and sales
Our province should formulate and implement the “high-quality and high-price†grain purchase policy as soon as possible, adopt market measures, and enhance the leading enterprises’ ability to pull the wheat production. By strengthening the construction of the leading enterprises in the flour industry, we will increase the absorption and digestion capacity of real estate wheat. The use of a market mechanism has enabled the leading companies and growers to establish a mutually beneficial contractual relationship between the two parties and to resolve the market risks of growers.
2.3 Strengthening the development of special wheat flour for food
Milling companies should increase innovation and use high-quality wheat and advanced technology to produce high-quality special wheat flour. Milling companies should pay attention to the quality testing of wheat raw materials and flour products, as well as the research work of special wheat flour formulas. According to the requirements of product quality, study the proportion of different wheat combinations or different flour combinations, study the role and proportion of food additives, can effectively reduce production costs, improve product quality, according to the different food quality requirements, research and development of new products, can Strengthen the company's staying power and ensure sustainable development.
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