Hong Ling walnut tree pruning and fertilizer management
Liang Hongjun Jia Zhihua
Hebei Green Ridge Fruit Industry Co., Ltd. 054300
In recent years, dried fruits have become more and more popular with people. The walnuts ranked first in the four major dried fruits are deeply loved by the people of the world because of their rich nutrition and unique flavor. The production of on-demand changes, and the production management of walnuts is gradually becoming large-scale and standardized. In the past seven years since the establishment of the company, the company has gradually summed up experience in production to find out a walnut trimming and corresponding fertilizer and water management technologies. After 3 years of observation experiments, it was found that this method is simple and easy. Compared with conventional management, the output of the tree is good, and the rate of high fruit is high, yield is high, and yield is stable.
Conventional walnut pruning methods mainly include thinning, long-distance, and short-cutting (mostly applied), which has played a certain role in promoting the production and increasing the income of walnuts. Because the walnut tree has the inherent characteristic of "injurious flow", when the amount of pruning is large, it is more likely to cause a waste of tree nutrients. In summer, the growth is large, resulting in canopy closure, poor ventilation and light transmission, affecting fruit development, and sometimes requiring multiple trimming. Increasing the number of wounds, to a certain extent, inhibited the development of the tree. With long branch pruning, the amount of pruning is greatly reduced and there is less storage and nutrient loss.
Now its pruning method and related fertilizer and water management are introduced as follows:
1 Newly planted walnut tree
1) Fertilizer
The newly planted walnut trees have a small root system, are shallowly distributed, and are not tolerant to drought, and are mainly used to strengthen fertilizer and water management.
In the April-June period, the main nitrogen fertilizer was applied with potash fertilizer; in the 7-8 months, nitrogen fertilizer was stopped and topdressing of potash fertilizer was applied. In July, foliar spraying of urea was appropriate. Fertilization principle: a small number of times.
The frequency of fertilization was 3-4 times, and the time was in early April, mid-May, mid-June, and early July. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in May was about 0.2kg, which was the sum of April and June. The amount of potash applied in July was about 0.1kg. Watering with the fertilization, in May to pay attention to the dangers of dry hot wind, ground water, to prevent burning of the leaves.
At the end of August, strip-shaped base fertilizer trenches were opened along the seed trenches. The distance from the trenches was 40 cm wide, 30 cm wide, and 50 cm deep. Five kg of chicken manure and 1.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer were applied. After the fertilization is completed, water once and then seal the frozen water before the soil is thawed.
2) Pruning
After the shoots are spread, all new shoots under 40cm below the main trunk are wiped out, and 4-5 shoots can be retained. In June, light picking was performed on the second tip of the pumping to make the shoots full.
Remove the dense branches, branches and branches, thin and small branches, and short branches with a length of less than 10cm in winter, cut off the tree shape, and trim the left main branch with a length of more than 30cm left 25-30cm.
2 annual trees
1) Fertilizer
The topdressing time and topdressing amount were changed to early April (0.5kg urea, 0.25kg potassium sulfate), mid-May (0.25kg for urea and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer), and three times for mid-June (0.15kg potassium sulfate compound fertilizer).
The base fertilizer application location was chosen on the other side of the fertilization ditch last year. It was located along the side of each canopy and moved outwards year by year as the crown increased. The amount of fertilizer was newly planted.
Watering method is best to use water-saving irrigation - small tube injection, drip irrigation, etc., ground watering (increase the number of watering), less pouring (under the premise of ensuring the tree needs, reduce the amount of water each time). Watering combined with fertilization.
2) Pruning
The saplings are already fruiting, but it is best to remove them so that the tree concentrates on nutrient supply and shoot growth.
In summer, all unused branches (dense, disease, insect, weak, short branches) were removed. In June, 3-4 buds were picked and left for the second branch to be selected.
3 year old tree
1 fertilizer water
In this period, walnuts have entered the early fruit period, and the amount of fertilizers needs to be increased. The three top-dressing amounts were: urea 1.25kg, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 0.5cm; with the age of the tree and the development of the tree, the topdressing amount increased or decreased as appropriate.
Fertilize the tree in the same year.
The amount of chicken manure applied was 10kg. , Superphosphate dosage 2kg.
3 The management of trees over four years
1)
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