The main effect of this fertilization is to timely supplement this year's results and nutrient consumption of the tree after fruit picking. After fertilization, root growth is promoted to further promote the restoration of the tree body, laying the foundation for next year's results and preparing it. Experienced farmers all know that the same number of fertilizers for fall fertilization is obviously better than spring fertilization, which can reduce or avoid the most taboos in fruit tree production. Therefore, timely application of picking fruit fertilizer is beneficial to the sustainability of the orchards in the coming year. Increase production.
In order to achieve the above goals, the fertilization should reflect three major characteristics:
First, the soil must be fertilized and belongs to the base fertilizer. Only the deep application combined with the soil operation can achieve the purpose of rooting and rooting. Because the root system is both an organ for absorbing and storing nutrients for perennial fruit and deciduous fruit trees, the nutrient required for tree growth and development in the second spring is mainly from root storage, and the level of storage nutrients determines the flower bud differentiation in the following year. The quality of the fruit also determines the cold resistance of the fruit tree. Roots of fruit trees in the ground generally do not have natural dormancy. As long as the conditions are appropriate, roots can occur and grow throughout the year, and different fruit trees in autumn and winter will have the peak of root growth. Especially in the case of high fruit yields and heavy tree loads, if the fertilization is not done in time in autumn, root nutrition cannot keep up, not only not the growth of autumn roots, but also the overwintering and spring rooting of fruit trees. It must reduce spring rooting and sprouting, which is not conducive to the growth of fruit in the coming year. Secondly, from the perspective of the allocation of fertilizers, this time it is a heavy fertilization, nitrogen fertilizer is applied half of the year, almost all of the phosphorus fertilizer is applied, and potassium fertilizer is applied for the fullest amount of potassium in the whole year. Third, it is reasonable to use organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in combination.
In the mastery of fertilization techniques, attention should be paid to:
Fertilization period. For early maturing species and robust trees, fruit picking should be followed. For late maturing species, weak trees, and trees with more fruiting dates in the past, they must be applied 10 or half months in advance of fruit harvesting. For example, the application date of winter jujube is earlier than that of other fruit trees. Because compared with other deciduous fruit trees, winter jujube has the characteristics of late sprouting and early deciduous.
Fertilizer amount and nutrient ratio. The amount of fertilizer varies depending on the species and the strain, but it is equally important to reflect the principles of NPK. Taking peach as an example, the N, P, K nutrient ratio is 1:0.6:1; it is appropriate to apply about 0.20-0.30 kg nitrogen per plant. The ratio of N, P and K required for persimmon trees is 1:0.35:0.80, showing that the demand for nitrogen from persimmon trees is large. In the litchi production area, the phenomenon of partial application of nitrogen fertilizer and neglect of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and organic fertilizers are common. For this reason, special attention should be paid to the balanced application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in this fertilization, and attention should be paid to the supplementary application of calcium, magnesium and trace elements.
Fertilization depth. Different types of causal trees have different fertilization depths. Jujube is a shallow-rooted fruit tree with a depth of 40 cm. The depth of the groove is 50-60 cm. The radius of the fertilized canopy is 50 cm deep inward. The deep roots of the persimmon tree and the lateral roots are underdeveloped. The depth should be 60-80 cm. The peach trees should be applied in a ditch or loop and the depth should be 40-50 cm.
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