The cause and symptoms of sunburn
During the expansion period of the Chaotian pepper, the weather conditions encountered high temperature and low humidity, the general temperature is above 31°C, the relative humidity is below 70%, and when the length of the pepper is 1.5--2.5cm, after 2 - 3 hours After exposure to high-temperature and high-temperature light, when the light intensity exceeds the light saturation point of Chaotian pepper (40,000-50,000 lx), the fruit tissue will appear burning and necrotic. The color is grayish white and yellow-brown, and the peppers shrink and harden. Depressed, wrinkled condition. Light wounds are small, shallow, and deformed. The epidermis and flesh of the diseased part lose water, become thin, nearly leathery, translucent, and easily broken. In severe cases, the diseased pepper turns yellow and falls off. As the maximum temperature continues to rise and the relative humidity decreases, the incidence increases and the victim’s severity increases.
Sunburn affecting factors
(1) The degree of occurrence of sunburn in soil moisture is negatively correlated with soil water content. The survey found that any site that watered before the onset of the disease, soil moisture content of 20% or more in the 20 cm soil layer was lighter than non-irrigated soil.
(2) The fruit at the top of the fruit part is directly harmed by high-temperature and strong light, and the incidence is heavier. The incidence of light fruit in the middle and lower part of the fruit is lighter. The incidence of the positive side of the pepper is heavier and the incidence of the dark part is lighter.
(3) Spraying hormones The spraying of hormones such as gibberellin and anti-dropping hormones at the bud and flowering stages of peppers has a significant effect on increasing the fruit setting rate, but the incidence of sunburn also tends to increase. According to surveys conducted in the same climate and cultivation measures, the incidence of gushing gills was heavier than that of non-spraying sprays. Spraying at higher concentrations resulted in more severe disease. For example, when the concentration of gibberellin was 30 mg/kg, the burning rate of the upper pepper was 19.8%; when the concentration of gibberellin was 0 mg/kg, the burning rate of the upper pepper was 23.5%, and the burn rate could be even twice. Up to 35.2%.
(4) Calcium injection during the young fruit period had a significant effect on reducing the sunburn of Chaotian peppers. In the same plot, the burn rate of calcium spray was only 2.3%, while that without calcium spray was 84%.
(5) Sulfur also has a significant effect on the reduction of fruit sunburn. According to the survey, the incidence of potassium sulfate and superphosphate (sulphur) fertilizers is relatively low.
(6) Variety types The plant types of Tianyingwang and Jiaowang K-1 currently planted in Fuyang are loose, and the incidence rate is low. However, the plants of Henan and Hebei Sitong have a compact type and high incidence. The long and lush leaf branches have a low incidence, and the incidence of short and yellow leaves is high.
Sunburn prevention measures
(1) timely irrigation water timely irrigation in the expansion period of young pepper, can reduce the ground radiation temperature of Chaotianjia block, increase air humidity, increase the water content of fruits and leaves, this is not only conducive to flowering after flowering, but also conducive to resist high temperature The adverse effects of the climate.
(2) Intercropping 4-90 rows of Chaotian peppers, intercropping with 2 rows of corn, and selecting Xiyu No. 3 as a corn variety is a better method for preventing Sunburn. According to the survey, Chaotianjiao intercropping corn can reduce the incidence rate of 3-5 percent. In 2001, in Xidaiyan Village of Hongshan Township, Pingyao County, it was popularized to promote 300 acres of pepper and intercropping with good harvest.
(3) Two-plant dense planting changed the single planting method in the past to one acupoint and two plants, which can reduce the incidence of sunburn.
(4) Calcium injection from young peppers can increase the calcium content of young fruit and the thickness and strength of the cell wall in young fruit to resist and reduce the occurrence of sunburn.
(5) Potassium fertilizer application According to the test, potassium sulphate 10 - 12 kg per mu, 30 - 40 kg of superphosphate, fruit sunburn can reduce occurrence of 5--8 percentage points.
(6) The application of micro-fertilizers such as zinc, iron, boron and molybdenum has a good effect on the growth and development of the Chaotian pepper, especially the growth and development of young peppers. It can make the cell wall thicker and the young peppers more robust, reducing the occurrence of sunburn.
(7) The high temperature (above 31°C) during the young fruit of the pepper is the direct cause of sunburn. At noon on high temperature, it can spray 100 times lime or talcum powder on the fruits and leaves of Chaotian peppers, which can enhance reflection, reduce the temperature of the plants and protect young peppers. It can also use direct spray cooling method.
(8) Choose a breed with strong disease resistance, and choose the new breed of Great Eagle King and Jiaowang K1 to eliminate the varieties that are not resistant to disease.
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