Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera Zenk.), also known as Brussels sprouts and cabbage. S Varieties of Brassica oleracea var. Both apical buds and lateral buds are well-developed. The top buds develop new leaves to form assimilating leaves. Axillary buds inflate and develop into small buds. Each pod can bind a small bud. The sprouts are edible for Brussels sprouts. Parts. The buds are compact, spherical, with a diameter of 2 to 5cm. The leaves are tender, with few fibers, strong sweetness and good quality. Can be fried, salad or processing cans, is one of the important vegetables in Europe and the United States. The cultivation and consumption time of Fujian Province is short. With the improvement of varieties and cultivation techniques, Brussels sprouts are easy to develop and popularize in our province. The cultivation techniques are summarized as follows:
1 Types and Varieties
Brussels sprouts can be divided into two types, height and short, depending on the plant height. Dwarf species, stem height 50cm, precocious; high-producing species, stems up to 100cm or more, late maturity. According to the bud size, it can be divided into big Brussels sprouts and small Brussels sprouts. Big Brussels sprouts have a diameter of more than 4 cm, high yield, but poor quality; small Brussels sprouts less than 4 cm in diameter, good quality. From transplanting to maturity of the first bud, the early maturing species needs 90 to 110 days, and the late mature species needs 120 to 150 days.
2 Sowing seedlings
Brussels sprouts are easy to pass through the vernalization stage and timely sowing is the key to the cultivation of Brussels sprouts. Seeding is too early. The lower part of the plant has no bulbous axillary buds, the plants are aged earlier, and the yield is low; the sowing is too late, the vegetative growth of the plants is insufficient, and the harvesting period is delayed. In the Fuzhou area, the planting period is appropriate from early September to early October. Usually nursery transplanting, seedbeds should be selected in well-drained areas. After the sowing, the cover soil should be shallow. In order to reduce the temperature and prevent heavy rain, shade the shade net. When the small seedlings have two true leaves, they are divided into seedlings once and four to five true leaves are planted. General seedling age 35 to 45 days.
3 Soil Fertilization and Planting
The long growth period of Brussels sprouts requires a large amount of fertilizer. The poor growth directly affects the yield, so the base fertilizer should be applied before planting. Basal fertilizer should be used with organic fertilizer, 2,000 to 3,000 kg per 667m2, and 20 kg of phosphate fertilizer. Smash the soil blocks, deep trenches, and open drains to prevent damage. Choose cloudy or sunny evening setting. For each row of 2 rows, the plant spacing is 30-50cm, and 2000-2500 plants per 667m2. With soil colonization, root damage is minimized and the survival rate is improved.
4 Field Management
After the colonization of Brussels sprouts, the fertilizer and water should be sufficient to promote the formation of assimilating leaves. After the emergence of small buds, the soil should be kept moist, and the amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers should be topdressed. The specific approach should be based on the principle of light weight after the first heavy weight fertilizer, generally can be 3 to 4 times top dressing. For the first time, 4 to 5 days after the colonization, the thin fertilizer was applied to facilitate the growth of the plants. The second time a month or so after planting, 667 m2 of 2,000 manure was used to promote the vegetative growth of the plants so that they had a certain number of assimilating leaves before entering the ball stage. Both fertilizers should be combined with cultivator to cultivate soil to prevent fertilizer and water loss and plant lodging. The third top-dressing was carried out during the expansion of buds, and 667m2 of urea applied 10 to 15kg to promote the development and enlargement of the shoots. The fourth topdressing is carried out during the harvesting period of the bud balls. At this time, the buds in the lower part are continuously harvested, and the buds in the upper part are continuously formed. This requires the consumption of a large amount of nutrients and should be top-dressed in time, which is beneficial to increase the yield. Apply fertilizer once after each harvest.
The formation of bulbs of sprouts in Brussels sprouts requires cold weather, sufficient light, short sunshine, and sufficient fertilizer and water. During the growing period, proper watering according to climatic conditions can neither dry nor over-wet; shoots and diseased leaves that are poorly planted at the base of the plant should be promptly removed to reduce nutrient consumption and also be conducive to air and light; buds grow in Among the leafhoppers, the development of the leafhopper is generally suppressed by the petiole, causing malformation of the budding ball, affecting the appearance, especially dwarf species, short internodes, and greater impact, so the old leaf must be cut after the bud ball is enlarged, bottom up The leaves of the upper part can not be removed several times; when the plants grow to a certain degree, the heart is drawn to concentrate the nutrients and accelerate the bud expansion. 5 Pest control
The diseases of brussels sprouts mainly include blight, downy mildew and black rot. Blight occurs at the seedling stage. After the plants have become infected, they see wilting, dryness, and even disability within a few days. Germination of this pathogen requires more than 98% relative humidity, so water cannot accumulate at the seedling stage. 70% chlorothalonil was used to remove the diseased plants in the early stage of the disease; in case of dry and damp weather, poor ventilation and continuous cropping were common, and field management should be carried out. After the onset, 25% metalaxyl was sprayed; black rot was young. Bacterial diseases should be removed at the early stage of disease, and 72% of agricultural streptomycin sulfate or 60% ethyl aluminum phosphonate should be used for prevention and treatment. To take medication in turn, once every 10 days, 2 or 3 times in a row.
Insect pests mainly include aphids, cabbage caterpillars, and diamondback moths. To promptly check, timely prevention and treatment, can use fast spirit, net spray again.
6 Harvesting
When the small buds are cohesive, they can be harvested in fairly real time. When harvesting, a small knife is used to cut across the base of the bud ball, and the outer bulb of the bud ball is exposed when it appears as a yellowish bud. The harvest time of Brussels sprouts is as long as 2 to 3 months. Each bulb can harvest more than 40 buds and 667 m2 produces 800 to 1000 kg. Harvesting of early maturing species should be carried out sequentially from top to bottom, timely harvesting to promote plant growth; late maturing species can be harvested from top to bottom.
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