The scientific name of *Donacia provosti* Fairmaire is a species of beetle belonging to the family Chrysomelidae, commonly known as leaf beetles. It is also referred to as rice root leafhopper, rice rootworm, root-feeding insect, rice pest, and bean pest. This species is found in various regions across China, including Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Beijing, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Sichuan, and Guizhou. In addition, there are three other closely related rice root leafhoppers in China: *D. frontalis*, distributed in Heilongjiang, Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangxi; *D. lenzi*, found in Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, and Taiwan; and *D. tuberfrons*, which is native to Yunnan and Sichuan.
Host plants include *Daogen* (a type of water plant), *Yingbai* (a kind of aquatic herb), dwarf arrowhead, lotus root, Chinese wolfberry, eye dish, and duck tongue grass. Both larvae and adults cause damage to these plants. The larvae feed on fibrous roots, while the adults consume leaves. Infected plants often exhibit symptoms such as stunted growth, yellowing, and root rot, significantly affecting crop yield and quality.
Morphologically, adult *D. provosti* are 6–9 mm long and 2–3.2 mm wide. Their coloration is typically greenish-brown with a metallic sheen. The head ranges from greenish-purple to purple-black, while the antennae have a brown base and dark brown tips. The pronotum is pale green or gold green, and the elytra display a chestnut brown or light brown hue with a greenish or blue-green luster. The hind legs feature dark blue spots and silvery hairs on the ventral surface. The head is finely engraved with fine hair, and the frontal tubercle is raised. The first segment of the antenna is notably swollen, and the prothoracic plate is nearly square with horizontal wrinkles. The small scutellum is triangular, and the elytra surface is smooth with thicker engravings at the base than at the tip. The hind legs are slender, with a narrow base and an enlarged middle section, ending in a large tooth.
Other related species differ slightly: *D. brevipennis* has a more prominent head and thickened leg joints, while *D. yunnanensis* features a pronounced front and thicker pronotal wrinkles. Female *D. multidentata* have a cone-shaped protrusion on the end of their body. The second and third segments of the antennae in *D. multidentata* are similar in length, and the hind legs have multiple small teeth. Eggs are oval, slightly flattened, and laid in clusters, with about 20 eggs per mass. They are pale yellow in color. The last instar larvae measure 9–10 mm in length, with a small head, swollen abdomen, and white body. They have three pairs of thoracic legs, no abdominal legs, and a pair of tail hooks at the end. Pupae are white, approximately 8 mm long, with a thin, reddish-brown coating.
In terms of life cycle, most populations complete one generation per year in most regions. However, in northern China, some may take over two years. Larvae overwinter 16–30 cm below the soil surface, emerging when the soil temperature at 15 cm depth reaches above 18°C. At around 23°C, they move to the soil surface. Feeding begins in late April to early May, and larvae remain active until August. Adults emerge in July, with mating and egg-laying occurring from late July to early August. By October, they begin to overwinter again. The damage period occurs about half a month earlier than previous years. In Hubei, lotus root damage is observed in May and early June, with all life stages appearing by June. Adult populations peak in July.
Eggs are laid on the back of leaves of host plants such as eye dish, rice, lotus, and clover. The egg stage lasts 6–9 days, with hatching occurring mostly between 14:00 and 18:00. After hatching, larvae climb into the soil to feed on roots. A single underground stem may contain dozens of larvae. The larval stage can last over 10 months. After pupation, adults emerge and climb to the surface, resting on leaves for 1–3 days before mating and laying eggs. The egg-laying period lasts 4–8 days, with an average of 130 eggs per female. Adults are active but can enter a state of suspended animation when disturbed.
For control, several methods are recommended: (1) Drainage of paddy fields in winter to reduce overwintering populations. (2) Implement crop rotation, remove weeds, and incorporate aquatic plants like *Potamogeton edulis* and *Monochoria viridis* into the soil. Apply 100 kg of lime per 667 m² and till the field. (3) Use light traps to attract adults, then collect and destroy them by burning or burying. (4) During the early damage stage, apply tea cake powder at 20 kg per 667 m², or use 50% phoxim granules at 3 kg per 667 m². Alternatively, mix 160 ml of 50% phoxim EC with 1.5 kg of water and 30 kg of fine dry soil to create toxic soil, applying it in the afternoon or evening. After application, keep the soil moist at a depth of 3.3 cm for three days before resuming normal irrigation.
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