Mountain bee is a wild economic insect. It is smaller than the body of a bee. It weighs only about 1 gram per 30 body weights, and 10 bees can weigh up to 1 gram. Mountain bees collect honey from the flowers of the natural world. They are good products in honey and can be used as advanced nutritional supplements. Mountain honey is also a good medicine for disease prevention. It has the effect of invigorating the spleen and stomach, moistening the lungs, nourishing the liver, and detoxifying. Nowadays, the market price can reach 15-20 yuan per 500 grams. In general, each barrel of mountain bee can receive about 25 kilograms of honey for a year. If the bees are strong, the source of honey is good, and the climate is suitable, each bee can produce 40-50 kilograms of honey. Practice has proved that mountain bee domestication is a good project with less investment, quick effect, indisputable land, no competition for fertilizer, no pollution, and high yield. First, the habits of mountain bees Mountain bees live in mountainous and semi-mountainous tree holes, stone crevices, living a gregarious life. The average bee colony is composed of about 60,000, and a slightly larger bee colony can reach about 70,000. Each group of bees consists of a queen bee, tens of thousands of worker bees and several hundred drones. Bee queens and worker bees are permanent bees in bee colonies, and drones only appear during reproduction. Mountain bees prefer to live in places with winter leeks and cool summers. Mountain bees are very cold-tolerant, and they can safely pass winter at -35°C to 38°C in winter. Summer temperatures still work at 35°C. Mountain bees collect more nectar from wild plants and rarely collect crop nectar. Mountain bees are very hard-working when collecting nectar, even if the source of the nectar is very few, it is very hard to collect. At noon in early spring and late autumn, they still fly out of work. Generally, they can work more than 30 to 45 days per year. Second, the production and placement of bee bucket before receiving bee, you should do a good nest of bees nest that is round bee barrel. The bee barrel consists of a bottom barrel, a barrel, a barrel bottom, and a bucket cap (cover). The bottom barrel and the following barrel can be made of garden wood with a length of 100-120 cm and a diameter of about 40 cm. After hollowing out with a chisel and clearing the internal wood chips, the barrel is barrel-shaped. The inner wall of the barrel should not be too smooth. At the edge below the barrel, a nest door with a length of 4 cm and a height of 1 cm was made. In the mountainous areas, natural dry hollow trees in the forest are usually used to cut off the required length and be made into a bee barrel with a little more processing. After the preparation, put it in the sun and dry it, and evenly hang the wax on the inner wall of the barrel so that the mountain bees can collect the honey and waxing as soon as possible after they settle. Generally, the bucket is more than two times longer than the bottom bucket, and there is also a combination of both the bottom bucket and the bucket. The bottom of the barrel can be made of circular wood that is slightly larger than the bottom surface of the bee barrel. The rest of the joint between the bottom of the bucket and the bee bucket should be sealed except for the nesting door. The upper mouth of the barrel generally does not need to be added with a barrel cover, and is directly made of bark or other wood and the conical bucket hat with a moderate size of the mouth of the bee barrel can be buckled on the mouth of the barrel. About 10 centimeters of the bee bucket grows from the lower edge of the conical bucket cap. Add a layer of straw curtains outside to prevent rain. The junction between the bucket cap and the bucket should also be sealed, and the inside of the cap should also be hung with wax. The bucket cap, bucket, and bottom should be connected and fixed. After the bee bucket is completed, it should be placed in a sunny place with a leeward near the house, a tree behind it, an open front, no water in summer, and no snow in winter. When putting the barrel, the bee barrel should be as high as possible. Generally, the long neck bottle is inverted to make the pad, and the bottom of the barrel pad is damp-proof. It is also possible to use a smooth wooden rod or other material as a pad, mainly to prevent rats, ants, etc. from entering the nest. Bee buckets should be scattered and placed. Place to be upright and strong to prevent buckets from escaping. Remove dirt, debris from beehives. Before taking the bee, it is best to apply a small amount of honey under the bucket cap. Third, access to bee method Mountain bee clustering in spring from May 10 to June 2 and July 20 to August 10. Operators should wear bee caps and other protective equipment when receiving bees. The commonly used methods for receiving bees include the nest door access bee method and the group gathering method. Nest door access bee method: When the bee colony begins to fly into the shape of the horn, in 1 to 2 minutes, the bucket cap (or bung) coated with honey is carried by one hand. When the queen was born, quickly use the other hand or holding the handle of the grass and place the queen on the bucket cap. After the hand was gone, the mountain bees quickly lumped up and grew bigger. Then you can lightly place the bucket cap on the bee bucket. When most of the bees in this group enter the barrel, the barrel caps are tightly capped and fixed, and then the nest doors or the nest doors are closed, and the bee barrels are properly moved and placed at night. The bees should pay attention to the care after entering the barrel. If the barrel is quiet, you can open the nest door and close the nest door at any time. Collecting and gathering: When the bee is not successful at the nest gate, the queen will not fly too far when taking off for the first time, and it usually falls on nearby trees, eaves, etc. At this point, the bee-keeper can take a ladder, put the bee cap over the bees on one side and approach the bee colony, and the other hand will drive the bee colony from the bottom upwards with the grass handle until the queen bee and the whole bee colony under the bucket cap. Then take the bucket cap off to guide the bees into the bucket. In this period, if the arrest is unsuccessful, bee colonies will move far away. When a bee colony migrates in the distance, it may use a hand or hand to spread small ash (charcoal soil) or splash water to block its way and force it to stay on nearby trees or eaves, etc., in order to be collected again. In addition, in the wild, when bee colonies are found on the branch, the bees can be sawn and broken into the bee barrel, and they can also be shaken off in the face bag and brought back into the bee barrel. When the mountain bee colony was found in the tree cave, it could be well-marked during the day and at night the tree would be sawn off and raised. After sawing the upper section first saw the lower section to prevent the bucket from beeing and fleeing. Pay attention to personal safety. When a mountain bee is found in a stone crevice, it is necessary to use the nest gate to receive the bee method or the group gathering method to receive the bee domestication when the bee is separated. You can also set up an empty bee bucket in the mountains to attract groups of bees to live. When the bees live quietly after entering the normal work, they can raise them at night. 4. After the breeding mountain bees enter the bee barrel, the worker bees immediately use the stored honey in the honey sac to create a nest and store honey, and the queen bee begins to breed eggs. Breeding is done by the queen and drone. After the copulation, the drone died due to the loss of the external genitalia. A robust queen bee can lay 1,000 to 2,000 eggs a day and a night. The mountain bees divided into groups and used the method of grabbing the king. The king of bees was placed in gauze and curtain gauzes and hung in the top of the beehive. After the bee colony was settled, the queen was put into the beehive from the gauze bag. In general, each burrow colony can be divided into 5 to 6 groups in spring and 3 to 4 groups in autumn. Fifth, feeding methods 1. The early spring breeding of weak bee population should be supplemented. Supplementation should be carried out before dark, feeding 250 to 500 grams of honey each time, and feed it for 2 to 3 days. (2) Supplementing feeding is also required for the newly recruited bees that have insufficient honey stored in the barrels from the late winter to the early spring. The newly-supplied mountain bees should be filled once, and the honey-poisoned bees should continuously make up for 2 to 3 days, and usually make up 1.5 to 2 kilograms of honey each day. When feeding, the honey is first loaded into the pan, and 2 to 3 straws are put on the honey, and then the pan is put into the bucket. White sugar can also be used instead of honey for supplementation. 500 grams of sugar is mixed with 500 grams of water and supplemented with cold. Supplementary feeding should be carried out in the late autumn and early spring in the evening to prevent theft. 6. Precautions 1. Controlling temperature: The beehive should be placed in a place that is moist and cool, with little predators. If there is no shade-avoiding forest around the bee farm, temporary shelters can be set up to prevent the Department from cooling down, and at the same time doing a good job of preventing rain. Before entering the winter, the cracks around the beehive, the bottom of the bucket, and the bucket cap must be muddy. When checking the temperature, a long hose can be used to insert the beaker from the nest door so that the upper end is close to the ear. If you hear a "click" sound in the barrel, it indicates that the temperature is appropriate. If you hear a "click" sound indicating that the temperature is low, you should close or close the nest door properly; if you hear a "whistling" sound, it indicates that If the temperature is too high, the nest door should be properly expanded or other measures should be taken to reduce the temperature. 2. Control grouping: Before and after the autumn, bee colonies are prone to clustering. When the two groups are divided, the reappearing new queen beheaded. To cultivate strong groups. 3. Strictly preventing enemy enemies: There are many natural enemies of mountain bees, such as voles, ants, crickets, snakes, and spiders. To prevent their damage, fences should be added around the bee barrels. 4. Prevention of injury: The bees should be placed away from farms, chemical plants, quarries and other places where there may be hazards such as pesticides, smoke and dust. It's best to place the bee bucket on the top. 5. Anti-escape bee: Sometimes after receiving the bee, the bees have run out in a few days. This is mainly due to the bad surrounding environment, smoke smell, smell or other harmful odor, or infection with pathogens, parasites, and animal disturbances. Seven, take honey and take wax to get honey from the beginning of the Ching Ming Festival to Bai Lu so far. The nectar collected by the mountain bees from the plants is very thin. After the bees are processed and brewed, the water gradually spreads and diminishes and turns into thicker honey. When the spleen to be loaded with honey reaches more than two-thirds of the bee barrel, the honey in the barrel is nearly full, and honey may be taken into consideration. Mountain bees brewing honey generally from the Ching Ming to Bai Lu, production practice, the majority of mountain bees every year before and after the white dew for a one-time honey. Before the honey is taken, it is inserted into the gap between the barrel and the bottom barrel with a thin wire to pull the beeswax in the barrel. Afterwards, the bucket is taken down and put down. Then the cotton wire is tangled with cotton and lighted on the side of the barrel. Smoke, the mountain bees can be taken out of the barrel to get honey. Now we don't use smoke, but use wind blowing. After the bucket is tipped over, a small hair dryer is used to blow the air from one end to the other, and the mountain bee is blown out to take the honey. When the honey is taken, the honey spleen can be mixed and broken, and 1 to 2 layers of gauze are wrapped to control the pressure of the honey. After all the honey has been pressed, place the remaining nested spleen into a hot water pot and let the water evaporate. Then slowly pour the liquid beeswax into a bowl containing a little (half pot) of warm water. The warm water in the basin can clean the wax so that the impurities in the wax sink into the bottom of the water, and the wax floats on the surface. After the water is cool, it is made into solid wax. This bee wax has no impurities and good quality.
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