Mountain stone material selection and processing Mountain stone material selection: Landscape bonsai is a landscape composed of mountains, stones, grass, trees arranged in pots and arks, rock and mountain materials is the main material of landscape bonsai creation, there are many kinds of rocks, most of them are excavated from nature. Therefore, its texture, color and texture are all natural. When selecting materials, the first thing to pay attention to should be based on the natural characteristics of the stone, determine its suitable for the kind of natural landscape modeling, if you choose is a group of ridges upright concise, shape strips, the contour of the natural sandstone is a potted bonsai In the material, we can say for sure that these materials are best suited for sharp peaks and high-rise tall and straight styling landscapes. When selecting materials, we must pay attention to the texture, type, and texture of the material must be unified, a potted bonsai, it is best to use only one The category of material, the color can not be too different. The contouring of the mountain: When we are making a potted landscape bonsai for material selection, we must first observe the top contour of the stone, trigger the concept, and repeatedly scrutinize it, regardless of hard rock, soft stone, when the contour line is undulating. We must knock it out to make it clear and rhythmic. Cutting sawing and bonding: Most of the time, a piece of stone cannot constitute a complete picture of a potted landscape bonsai, so a combination of multiple pieces of stone is required to form a landscape. The stone is generally natural and unprocessed. Therefore, the sawing, connecting and bonding of the stone must be performed according to the landscape requirements. The sawing stone is carried out with a cutting machine or a hacksaw, and it can also be hammered off and leveled. And then use cement or cement to color, or other adhesive bonding forming. The pattern and patchwork: In general, a potted landscape bonsai is required to be roughly the same on the stone ridge, so that the landscape is more uniform. However, due to the differences in the stone itself, therefore, in the premise of selecting the natural lines of the texture as much as possible, sometimes some stone materials with indistinct textures or large differences in texture have to be woven, and the textures are generally used for ticks, hammers, hammers, and saws. According to the stone's soft and hard properties, if any texture can't be figured out, you can use the stone with the same color and color for stitching to form a large block surface, with obvious concave and convex phenomena, and achieve the unified and vivid requirements of the landscape. . The styling and style creation of landscape bonsai is an important part of bonsai creation. The idea of ​​creation of bonsai is actually a process of determining artistic conception and conceiving and expressing this artistic conception. In general, there are two ways of expression: 1 Firstly, according to this conception, the appropriate tree, stone, and mountain are selected after conceiving. Grass and other materials are arranged in a basin of space to complete this concept. 2 According to the specific shape of the mountains, grasses, trees, and stones, create certain ideas, and then conceive and use the shape and characteristics of these mountains, stones, grass, and trees to arrange and combine to complete the composition of a landscape and artistic conception. Because the landscape of bonsai is constrained by tangible material, this conception method is a method commonly used in combination with bonsai modeling of mountains and rocks. As the landscape bonsai is a combination of mountains, rocks, grasses and trees in potted Angstrom space, there is a combination of mountain or structure rules in this combination. Landscape bonsai is generally said that the opening and closing of landscape modeling, the mountain complex landscape bonsai generally have a meeting or two opening or closing of the opening and closing of the approach. Opening and closing is the formation of a complete landscape of mountains, lords, scattered stones, etc. in the landscape bonsai. When the mountain is placed in the basin, it can form a visual unit with a spatial position in the basin, because of its compositional significance. The "stretching" effect (omnidirectional bi-directional radiation), therefore, people's visual psychology creates a sense of expansion (ie, "potential"), and has the effect of occupying space. At the same time, because it has directionality in the three-dimensional space (such as the orientation of the mountain in the basin) and it occupies the space asymmetrically, it forms a kind of movement in people's visual psychology and on the screen. The result of the movement is actually the imbalance caused by the radiation of the visual units such as points or blocks on the screen. This is related to the location of the mountain surface in the “finished spaceâ€. Chinese landscape painting theory (a bonsai landscape of opening and closing layout) When talking about the layout of the mountainous landscape, he said: “To make it right, we must first make it to the left. To make it to the left, we must first make it right. To make it up, we must first In order to make it go down, it must be preceded by it.†The characteristics of the dynamic tension of the composition of the picture are splendidly discussed. Therefore, the so-called “potential†is when the mountain stone is asymmetric and occupies space in the basin. A visual tension and a sense of expansion in people's visual psychology. It is this tension and sense of expansion that made us feel that in the bonsai landscape, the static mountain has a dynamic, rhythmic and rhythmic mountain trend. The “potential†in the landscape bonsai is obtained by “setting Chen†(“setting Chen†refers to the arrangement and arrangement as the array), then the tension of the mountain body will form a varied mountain tension when the mountain mass is arranged and assembled. That is, different "potential." In general, the "potential" of landscape bonsai includes "start", "inherit", "turn", "combination", "fall", "knot" and other aspects. In an opening and closing landscape bonsai landscape, we set up the main hill in the basin. In fact, we are positioning the main potential in the picture space and positioning the main trend. We call it the “starting†trend; The hill on the left or right of the mountain is placed on the guest hill second only to the main mountain, and there is a transition and acceptance between the potential of the main mountain and the potentials of other mountains. We call it the “inheritance†potential, and there are two kinds of “continuation†potential. , namely "contract" and "counter-bearing"; Keshan is generally the mountain opposite to the main mountain and has the opposite relationship with the direction of the main mountain, forming an opening and closing of the overall situation with the "main" potential in the overall landscape picture. The trend is opposite to the main trend, so it is called “turningâ€; when the main mountain’s momentum is falling, sometimes there is a transition and sometimes there is no transition. If there is a transition, you have to find the placement point of the transitional mountain, and this landing point is “falling. "Potential, in general, the pediment of mountains in the bonsai close to the main mountain is the placement of the main mountain. The combined point of the main mountain and the off-peaks in the basin space is the opening and closing of the landscape. The point, known as the "junction" potential, is usually a bonsai picture. In some cases, we will embellish or plant a horizontal plant or ornament on the main mountain or guest mountain, and we will inevitably break the balance between the main mountain and other mountains in the picture. Called “walking†potential or “broken†potential, because “walking†or “broken†causes the tension of the potential of the entire relatively balanced picture to increase or change, so that when people watch the bonsai, the connection of visual psychological tension appears. The phenomenon of setbacks and contrasts is also very important in the modeling of mountain and stone scenes, and the meaning of contrast and contrast is relatively broad, and it is relative, such as contrast and contrast between major and minor, subjects and objects. Set off and contrast, set off and contrast between sparse and dense, set off and contrast between hide and dew, etc., contrast and contrast between imaginary and actual, set off and contrast between front and back, contrast and contrast between stone and tree, all of which must be based on The theme of creation and creative techniques are concretely embodied, and only by mastering the rules of creation can “use the best of the imagination and keep in mind.†Scattered Stones in Landscapes Subjects and objects in mountains and rivers The location is very important, their qi yun, body mass, and situation are directly related to the level of artistic conception of the works, but their function is prominent or not, and it is related to the use of scattered stone, which is usually ignored. Scattered stone is a fictile body that is scattered in the form of a group and placed in the water-white space of landscape bonsai. It has the nature of "point" in its composition and is a visual unit with spatial position. When people's eyes are focused on it, they have a sense of expansion in people's visual psychology, and therefore, they themselves can occupy space and divide space. The role of scattered stones is mainly manifested in the following aspects: The bonsai objects of the Lord and Hakka mountains: The bonsai is characterized by its small size, but no matter how big the bonsai, the volume of its main and guest peaks is limited. In order to make people appreciate, they have a kind of psychological The feeling of “a peak is Taihua Chihiro†must use some low-level foils to highlight the main peak and guest bees, making it appear much larger than the actual existence and increasing its sense of volume. Scattered stones played an excellent foil in this regard. As a division of the empty space on the mountain foot surface: The bonsai is a three-dimensional shape. It is impossible to make the mountain levitate in mid-air like a landscape painting. The cloud is used or something else is omitted. Pots must be rooted in the pot. When we set the stones of the subject and the object in the basin, the remaining blank space needs careful handling. The bonsai community jargon says that “the peak is good and the feet are difficult to handle†refers to this process. The distribution of scattered stones is the processing and division of the empty space on the surface of the mountain foot. As I mentioned before, scattered stones have a sense of expansion in people's visual psychology, and they have a tension effect, so that they can play a role in occupying space in a blank space. Therefore, if the arrangement of scattered stone is appropriate, then the foot of the mountain water surface Can be divided rationally, rich in change. In the landscape bonsai, especially in a bonsai pattern of opening and closing, the function of “knot†is: We know that in the bonsai, there are special lords and guest mountains at the same time, in a bonsai pattern of opening and closing. Their orientations generally contain four links: "starting, bearing, transferring, and tying up." The so-called "straightening" means the organic combination of these four links, and "knot" is the completion point of these four links. Scattered stone is precisely such a "junction". It plays a part in a vivid and lively overall picture, and it plays a final role in the development of the mountain situation. In the use of scattered stone layout, should pay attention to the following aspects: 1 Bonsai is not a series of products in production, but a variety of works of art, each basin bonsai, even if there is a layout layout of the same opening and closing, their master and guest The attitudes and postures of the mountains are all different. This requires us to have some flexibility in the use of scattered stones to divide empty spaces or “dissolve†potentials. However, we must obey the whole picture of the mountains and move towards development. The processing needs of the empty space on the foot of the mountain surface are in harmony with the entire picture. 2 The use of scattered stones should be large and small. Because the size of Scatter 5 is different, the visual expansion power they produce is different. Large scatter stones have greater visual tension and occupy more space, while small scatter stones have the opposite effect. Therefore, by placing large scattered stones, the “white space†of the blank space will be reduced, and the small scattered stone will be placed. The “white space†of the blank space will be relatively more. When the two are used in combination, they can cause scattered. The organic combination of the stone and the blank space, as the painting theory puts it: "When black is white, white is black". And to break the dullness and monotony of the blank space, resulting in a specific artistic effect. 3 Scattered stones occupy different spatial locations, and can also be divided unevenly. In the same foothill surface, the scattered stones have different positions (even if they have the same body mass and equal visual expansion force), or they may not. Balance the space and break the blank balance and monotony. However, it should be noted that if the same size scatter stones are arranged in a balanced manner on the surface of the mountain foot surface, this artistic effect will not be achieved, because this actually becomes a geometric arrangement. At the same time, when scattered stones form the role of the Lord and Keshan body, they must face each other and adapt to the changes so that they can coordinate with the Lord and Keshan mountains. For example, it is not possible to use a piece or a group of pointed and fine scatter stones as a foil to the main subject or object. It is also not appropriate to line a piece or a group of similar or equivalent masses under the dwarf main and guest mountains. Scattered stones, not only did not play the role of scattered stones, but also ignored the differences between "body, surface" and "point" in the composition art. 4 The distribution of scattered stone plants is mainly moss-grass. For example, it can be decorated with cassia, saxifrage, and star grass etc. This is also in line with the performance method of “spotted grass mossâ€, and kiosks can also be placed on them. Taiwan and other embellishments, deepen the theme of bonsai. Landscape bonsai selection Basin bonsai landscape due to its large number of water surface, dotted with low scatter stones and boat pavilions, so the general selection of basin along the very shallow marble basin, the shape of the basin as the shape and color of the stone, modeling Etc., etc., can choose oval, round, rectangular, etc., the color is generally used white. Zisha basins and earthenware basins can also be used for bonsai sculpturing. However, due to their limitations in color and depth, they are usually used only for special stone or styling. Regardless of the type of pot ang, the main purpose should be whether or not the landscape effect is set off. After the planting of the plants and the fittings of the mountain and stone bonsai of the landscape bonsai are completed, the plants shall be planted and the accessories shall be embellished. The painting theory says: "The body of the mountain is made of bones, the tree is the garment, and the pavilions and bridges of the pavilions are dotted." The stone is a sculptural solid with no life, and the tree is a symbol of its landscape life. The jargon says: "Shi Hao Li, planting plants is difficult," and the importance of plants in mountain bonsai is seen. Insiders have such a feeling that after the rock is formed, the bonsai landscape is actually only half completed. It can only be completed after the plants are planted. Often, the energy and time spent on plant vegetalization exceed the time required for the combination of stones. Planting plants, with twigs and dwarfs as well, with different landscapes with different plants. Such as the solitary peak landscape, can choose to use more technical and old stout plants; peaks stand upright, can use the combined lush vegetation combination; gentle slopes, dotted with dwarf plants. At the same time, you can use the techniques of contrasting, accentuating, interspersing, flying out, overlapping, and dense planting. However, you must pay attention to the laws of the “foot of the foot of the mountain†in the regular proportion of planting. The principle of composition of transfer, knot, and union is good. The accessories are used as a starting point in the bonsai landscape, but it should be noted that the landscape bonsai creation should not be dominated by embellishment accessories, but should be based on landscape modeling. Accessories must not be stacked or placed in a random manner. They must be exposed and moderately dense. They must emphasize the rules and perspectives of “nearby big and smallâ€.
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