Dryland agricultural machinery No-tillage refers to the mechanized operation as the main means, adopting the method of less tillage or no-tillage, using crop straw to cover the surface or crushing it directly into the soil after being crushed, and using pesticides to control weeds and control. Pests and diseases, in order to improve soil water storage capacity, reduce water and soil loss, improve crop growth environment, and achieve a mechanized farming technology system for the sustainable and healthy development of agriculture. This technology has the advantages of strong practicability, simplicity, energy saving, high efficiency, low consumption, and competition for agriculture. 1 The urgency of promoting no-tillage, sowing and fertilizing techniques for dry farming machinery is located in Yanshan County, southeastern of Hebei Province, with a total area of ​​795.2 km2. The county has a total population of 398,000, of which the agricultural population is 380,000 and the rural labor force is 200,000. The county's cultivated area of ​​728,000 mu is a typical agricultural county. Agriculture is dominated by food crops. The main crops include wheat, corn, sorghum, soybeans, and millet. The sown area of ​​wheat accounts for 45% of the total sown area of ​​grain. Corn is the second largest crop, accounting for 36% of the total area sown. To develop high-efficiency and high-quality agriculture and achieve sustainable and healthy development of agricultural production, the dry-farming and no-tillage sowing and fertilizing technology for agricultural machinery needs to be widely applied. 1.1 There is a serious shortage of groundwater, and it is difficult for agriculture to continue to develop. Wheat and corn in our county are cooked twice a year. A total of 4 to 6 irrigations are required, each with 50-60 cubic meters of water per mu. In recent years, the county continued to experience droughts, with an annual average of 350.2mm, causing serious over-exploitation of groundwater and an average drop of about 1m in groundwater levels. Land subsidence and dry cracking occur from time to time, and water resources have become the biggest limiting factor in the county's agricultural development. 1.2 Straw open burning, serious environmental pollution due to the farmers save time, the phenomenon of burning crop stalks in our county is more common and seriously pollute the environment. The traditional method of ploughing also reduces soil moisture, decreases soil humus year by year, increases soil desertification and salinization, and reduces the ability to withstand natural disasters. 1.3 High production costs and poor economic returns The county’s annual agricultural production process requires a total of 400 yuan per mu for two crops a year, 600 kg per mu grain, 600 yuan per mu, and an annual net income of only 200 yuan per mu. It is difficult to increase income. 2 Main contents of sowing and fertilizing techniques for no-tillage coverage of dry farm machinery 2.1 After no-tillage sowing wheat is harvested, it is made good, and a 2BMFS-2 type corn-free no-tillage-covering seeder produced by Hebei Huaqin Machinery Co., Ltd. is used to stick the seeds. Fertilizers are applied in layers to the soil. Wheat should be applied to Mushi DAP 10kg (granule high-concentration compound fertilizer must be applied). Corn can also be interplanted in rows of wheat 1-2 days before wheat is harvested, and then herbicides are sprayed. Finally, 7-9 cm long wheat straw is uniformly covered with 3 cm thick on the surface. After ripening maize, the straw stands upright in Daejeon, and when the lyrical conditions are suitable, the 2BMFS-5/10 type wheat no-tillage sowing and sowing fertilizer machine produced by Hebei Huaqin Machinery Co., Ltd. is used. The shallow rotary tilling, fertilization, sowing, and suppression are completed at once. . Wheat seeds were sown in the ridge-rotored soil of the maize ridge, which avoided the direct contact between the seeds and the crushed corn stalks and did not affect the germination and emergence of the wheat. No-till sowing corn, Mushi fertilizer diammonium 12.5kg. 2.2 Seedling management After covering the wheat straw with summer corn, the impact on seedling emergence is not too great. However, when the coverage is thick, the emergence status should be checked frequently. When it reaches 3 leaves and 1 heart, it will be seedlings. Plant height 30cm, fertilizer, watering completed. The winter wheat seedlings before winter, pouring water can be. 2.3 The cultivator Whether it is a wheat mulch or a summer corn cultivator, it should be operated with a corresponding no-tillage planter. The method is to remove the planter from the planter and replace the planter with the planter at a suitable location. 2.4 Shensong used the IS-1 deep loosening machine produced by Hebei Huaqin Machinery Co., Ltd. to carry out deep loosening to break the bottom of the plough and achieve the purpose of turning it loose. According to experts' argumentation and practice, it is more appropriate to loosen once every 2-3 years. 2.5 Prevention and treatment of diseases, weeds and weeds The control of weeds and weeds is the key to the success or failure of the no-tillage, cover-seeding and fertilization techniques for dry farming machinery. The pests and weeds should be discovered in time and dealt with promptly. Summer corn field covering wheat straw and wheat straw directly returning to the field, the earthworms, earthworms and other underground pests and tigers, earthworms and other pests have some trapping effect, can be used 1500-2000 times the liquid spray coating Object or surface. 2.6 Agronomy pattern Manual picking of summer corn (straw standing upright) → Mechanical comminution of straw → Wheat no-tillage cover sowing, fertilization → Winter wheat field management (spray herbicide, top dressing, watering, hoe, etc.) → Wheat combine harvesting → Summer corn free Tillage sowing, fertilization → corn field management (spraying herbicides, artificial seedlings, topdressing, watering, cultivating, etc.). 3 Benefit analysis of sowing and fertilizing techniques for no-tillage coverage of dry farming agricultural machinery 3.1 Increased soil water retention and soil conservation capacity According to the determination of 8 test sites in the whole county in early December 2001, the comparison between no-tillage wheat fields and traditional tillage control areas Soil water content in the 0-20cm tillage layer increased by 5%-7%, and soil water content in the 20-50cm soil increased by 1.8%. 3.2 Affecting Soil Temperature Because of the wheat straw cover with a certain thickness on the surface of the no-tillage summer corn plot, the 0-10cm soil temperature on topsoil is slightly lower than that of conventional tillage. In July 2002, 200 mu of no-till Xiayu stove was measured in Liuzhai Village of Mengdian Township. The soil temperature of 0-10cm was lower by 2-3°C than that of the traditional cultivated land. However, winter wheat free cropland (corn stalks are returned directly to the field) was measured in early December 2001; in the 0-10 cm soil, the daily average ground temperature was increased by 0.8°C compared with the conventional tillage. It can be seen that both of the temperature control effects are beneficial to the growth of summer corn and winter wheat after sowing. 3.3 Increase of Soil Organic Matter Content Spreading and application of no-tillage sowing fertilization techniques for dryland agricultural machinery can effectively fertilize fertility and increase soil organic matter content. According to the determination of the soil in the Wangjin Village, Mengdian Township, the soil no-tillage planted for two consecutive years has a soil organic matter content of 0.98%, and the organic matter content is increased by 0.19% compared with the conventional tillage area. At the same time, the soil water-stable aggregate structure increased by 25%, soil permeability was improved significantly, and the soil porosity of free-standing cropland was 51.3%, which was 0.7% higher than that of traditional cropland. The soil nutrient utilization rate also increased significantly. The alkaline dissolved nitrogen of 0-20cm soil was 78.5mg/kg, which was 6.8mg/kg higher than that of traditional plowing land, and the available phosphorus content was 9.5mg/kg, which was 1.8mg more than that of traditional plowing land. Kg. 3.4 no-tillage can be timely timely sowing using no-tillage sowing than traditional tillage sowing time can be 2-3 days ahead of time, and the sowing depth is more consistent, tight seedbeds, seedlings fast and neat. According to a survey of 300 acres of no-tillage wheat in Zhengqiao Village, Hanji Town, in late November 2000, the average acre per mu was 0.8 more than the control area, and the average plant height increased by 1.2 cm. In August 2002, the determination of no-tillage summer corn plots showed that the emergence rate was 2% higher than that of the conventional tillage, and the Qimiao was 2 days earlier. The average number of leaves per plant was 0.7 tablets. 3.5 The improvement of salt and alkali resistance 3 The soil in Yanshan County belongs to the coastal saline-alkaline land. The early alkali in the eight townships in the east is serious. Due to the sowing and fertilizing techniques of no-tillage sowing, the majority of salt concentration after sowing was concentrated on the ridge back, which not only reduced the damage of winter wheat but also played a role in collecting rain. 3.6 Promote the increase in no-tillage and cover planting to promote the increase of crop production in the next crop. According to the determination of 08,000 mu of cultivated land in the whole county, in the case of severe drought, the winter wheat yield per year was 405.5 kg in 2001, and the control area in 1998, 1999, and 2000 had an average yield of 360 kg for three consecutive years. The average yield per mu increased by 40.5 kg. In summer 2002, the drought of corn was very serious, with an average yield of 350.7kg per mu. The average yield per mu was 314.9kg in the control area in 1999, 2000, and 2001, and the average yield per mu was increased by 35.8kg. It is worth noting that: in the year when no-tillage planting was implemented, the straw returned to the field was not fully matured, and the yield increase effect may not be obvious. However, with the promotion and application of the no-tillage planting technique for successive years, the advantages of increasing yields will increase. The bigger it is. 3.7 Protecting the ecological environment Through the promotion and application of no-tillage, planting and fertilizing techniques for dry farming agricultural machinery, effectively controlling surface runoff and soil erosion, reducing soil compaction, fertilizing soil fertility, avoiding environmental pollution caused by straw burning, and reducing The emergence of windy and sandy weather has effectively protected the ecological environment. 3.8 Facilitating Economic Development The promotion and application of no-tillage and cover sowing and fertilizing technology for dry farming machinery, reducing labor costs and labor intensity, freeing more laborers from the land, reinvesting in other production areas, and promoting the health of the rural economy development of.