Laiyang pear, also known as pear. It has been cultivated around Luer Port in Zhaowangzhuang Town, Laiyang City, Shandong Province, and has been cultivated for nearly 400 years. The neighboring Qixia and Haiyang also have a large area of ​​development. The introduction of cultivation outside the province is also more.
Laiyang Pear, due to the dip after the top of the Fruit, has a short scoop shape, and the peel is yellow-green, with large and obvious fruit spots. The fruit surface is often a bit flaky brown rust. Therefore, the appearance is not very beautiful. However, the fruit is rich in aroma, the fruit is tender, crisp and juicy, sweet and sweet, and there are few stone cells. With the highest quality, reputation of China, and fame at home and abroad, this is the key to Laiyang Pear's longevity. Among all the original Chinese pear varieties, Laiyang pears are overwhelming with excellent quality and are among the best. Even though many varieties have been introduced from abroad in recent years, it is unmatched with the original Laiyang pear.
However, since the 1980s, the quality of Laiyang Pear has deteriorated. Now Laiyang Pear, with its thick skin and thick kernels, is not fragrant, unsweetened, and does not move. Peel and pulp are corked and consumers are disappointed. Land, pears, and varieties have not changed. What is the quality of Laiyang pear that is so poor?
In view of the above situation, the author visited the Laiyang and Qixia Laoli districts several times to inspect. During the inspection, it was learned that the decline in the quality of Laiyang Pear was entirely due to fertilization. Since the early 1980s, most of the pear gardens have entered the misconception of chemical fertilizers. Most fruit growers prefer nitrogen fertilizers such as urea and ammonium bicarbonate. In July and August, a large number of nitrogen fertilizers have been used, and the results have been used to determine the habits of farmers. Most farmers believe that: "The application of high-nitrogen fertilizers can make big pears, no matter how delicious or not tasty, high yields can sell more money." This is in contrast with scientific fertilization, which is able to produce high quality and good quality. It is good to eat well, and the principle of good quality to sell more money is contrary to the principle. This shows that the fruit growers have taken the lead in the evolution of fertilizer, prefer nitrogen fertilizer errors can not extricate themselves.
In the past 30 years, chemical fertilizers have become the dominant sources of nitrogen fertilizers. First, the organic matter content in the soil is severely depleted, causing soil compaction, poor ventilation, and loss of environmental conditions for microbial survival and carbon dioxide release. This is the destruction of soil fertility. The second is excessive nitrogen fertilizer, branches continue long, resulting in long branches, thin, long, less nutrient accumulation, not only affect the swelling of pear fruit, but also affect the quality of pear and flower bud quality. The Laiyang Pear, which was originally based on the results of short fruit branches, was transformed into the result of long-stemmed alfalfa flower buds. The third is that the elements are monotonous, and the trace elements are on the verge of depletion, which not only affects the quality of Laiyang pear, but also causes various physiological diseases. Iron head disease, skin and pulp are corked, which is caused by severe boron deficiency. The function of boron is to promote the transport of sugar, and it is seriously deficient in boron. The transportation of sugar is stagnant, the neonatal tissue of the fruit is necrotic due to lack of sugar, resulting in the pupation of the flesh, thus losing the original flavor of Laiyang pear.
Before the 1970s, Laiyang Pear was mainly dependent on limited farmyard fertilizers. Farmer's fertilizer, organic matter is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the proportion of balanced, full, trace elements. Long-term application of farmyard manure, fertility and fertility, Jiangenjianjian, short and thick long branches, short and thick fruit branches and more, high yield and stable yield. In Laiyang District of Laiyang and Qixia, there are many pear farms with an output of over 5,000 kilograms per mu, and 630 acres of pear farms in Xiaoguan Village of Qixia City. The average yield per mu is over 4,000 kilograms, of which 30 acres are high-yield farms with an average yield of 10,925 kilograms per mu. In terms of quality, Laiyang Pear is rich in aroma, crispy and juicy, and is renowned for its excellent quality and reputation in China and abroad. This is an experience that we should carefully review, summarize, and learn from.
It is the hope of consumers at home and abroad to restore the original flavor of Laiyang pear, and it is also the only way to increase the economic efficiency by creating a high-quality brand for fruit farmers in the pear area. Calling for the majority of fruit growers in the pear area, it is necessary to update the concept of fertilization, change the sense of fertilization, and get out of the misunderstanding of the fertilizer master. Excavate and make full use of manure, urine, livestock manure, poultry manure, straw, weeds, deciduous and other fermented farmhouse fertilizer; vigorously promote the application of high quality organic fertilizer; combined with autumn base fertilizer, Mushi borax 2-3 kg; after germination , After Xiehua, before bagging and in July and August, spray 5-6 times of high calcium, high boron foliar fertilizer. After insisting for two or three years, it truly restores the original flavor of Laiyang Pear and reinvigorates Laiyang Pear's famous brand reputation. (Professor Bao Mingsheng's special invited expert on fruit trees: Bao Mingsheng, a researcher at the Jinan Forestry Bureau in Shandong Province, focuses on fruit tree cultivation and management. He has been providing farmers with guidance throughout the country for many years and is well received by farmers.
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