With the rapid development of pigeon production, the role of health sand is increasingly recognized by pigeon breeders. It can promote the growth of young pigeons, ensure the health of adult pigeons, prevent the production of soft shell eggs and pigeons of veterinarians from suffering from osteomalacia, and it is more important for cage birds. The rational preparation and use of health sand is an important part of pigeon feeding management. Famous pigeon-breeding experts compare health sand to the secret weapon of breeding pigeons.
First, the composition and function of health sand raw materials The composition of health sand ingredients are different in different pigeon farms, but generally the main ingredients are basically similar. The introduction is as follows:
1, shell pieces. After being milled with a puppet vermiculite, it is a oyster shell piece with a diameter of about 0.5-0.8 cm. Flakes not only dove like to eat, but also help the digestive function of pigeon stomach. The nutrients contained in the oyster shells were 38.1% calcium, 0.07% phosphorus, 0.3% magnesium, 0.1% potassium, 0.29% iron, and 0.01% chlorine. The calcium can be pigeon cartilage and the hens produce soft shell eggs. In addition, calcium can also participate in coagulation as a clotting factor.
2, bone meal. Processed from animal bones. Due to different processing methods, the name and the ingredients are also different. After raw materials are heated by high-pressure steam, they are dried and crushed. Steamed buffalo powder is composed of about 10% phosphorous, about 24% calcium, and about 10% crude protein. The raw material is heated with steam of 400 kPa (4 pressure) and the bone glue is removed. Crushed into a degummed bone meal. It contains about 16% phosphorus and 36% calcium. The raw bone powder that is directly crushed without heat treatment is generally not used as feed. The other nutrients in the bone meal are sodium 5.69%, magnesium 0.33%, potassium 0.19%, sulfur 2.51%, iron 2.67%, copper 1.15%, zinc 1.30%, chlorine 0.01%, and fluorine 0.05%. Bone meal is commonly used as a phosphorus source feed. The biological potency of this phosphorus is high, and calcium content is also abundant. Therefore, it can prevent the hen from stunting, osteoporosis, skeletal deformation and cartilage disease. It can also prevent the hen from producing thin shell eggs, sand shell eggs and soft shell eggs. In addition, iron in bone meal can also prevent anemia.
3, eggshell powder. It is the product of the residue after being dried and crushed in the egg processing factory, containing 345 to 37% of calcium and 0.09% to 0.15% of phosphorus. It is generally not used. It is used only in the absence of the above two. Its role is similar to that of oyster shells and bone meal. limestone. That is, calcium carbonate for feed is a cheap calcium source feed. Calcium content is more than 33%, and arsenic and lead are all below 10 mg/kg. The content of commercially available pure calcium carbonate is above 38%, and the content of calcium carbonate is over 95%. Its role is to add calcium and trace elements.
4, plaster. Its main ingredient is calcium sulfate. Can add calcium, and cool detoxification. Pigeons promote feather growth when they are moulted from August to October.
5, coarse sand. The best is the sand of the creek. After picking back, the medium particles are washed with water, exposed to sunlight for 2 to 3 days, and stored after use. The main role of coarse sand is to help the muscles and stomachs to mechanically grind beverages for digestion and absorption in the intestines.
6, stone meters. Wide range of sources, easier to process, cheaper, and uniform in size, free of impurities, clean and easy to use, commonly used in place of sand.
7, red clay. Also called yellow mud or loess. Dig deep red soil free of bacteria and impurities, put it in the sun, and put it in a bag. Red clay contains many elements such as iron, zinc, manganese and selenium. Its role is to supplement the pigeon's need for these trace elements.
8, charcoal end children. The surface has a strong adsorption, can adsorb the harmful gas in the intestine, but also can adhere to the gastrointestinal mucosa to protect the intestine, but it will also absorb nutrients, affect the intestinal digestion and absorption function. The dosage is generally controlled within 5%. In addition it promotes metabolism.
9, salt. The main ingredient is sodium chloride, which contains 60% chlorine, 40% sodium, and also contains trace elements such as potassium, iodine, and magnesium. Its role is to enhance appetite and promote metabolism.
10. Iron oxide. Red-brown, often referred to as red iron oxide. It can provide the body with the needed iron, synthetic hemoglobin, and promote blood circulation.
In the health sand, some Additives such as auxin can also be added to supplement the constant elements, trace elements and vitamins needed for the growth and development of pigeons, such as vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K and B vitamins. , can maintain normal physiological function and life activities, and promote the body's metabolism; amino acids can increase the value of feed use, Chinese herbal medicine can help pigeons to prevent diseases.
Second, the preparation of health sand
1. Prepare raw materials. Take the deep underground uncontaminated red soil, dried, dried into fine seeds, bagged separately. Wash eggshells, oyster shells, etc., dry them and mash them. Limestone, gypsum and other impurities are removed. The end of charcoal rinsed with water, dried and smashed.
2, the calculation of the amount of raw materials. Carefully determine the feed intake of the pigeons. The nursing hens can adjust the amount of health sands they feed according to the growing needs of the pigeons, so the feed intake of the health sand during the brooding period is different. Usually 1 to 3 days of age is less, after 4 days of age gradually increased, 1 to 3 weeks of age, 3 weeks after the decrease. The average amount of pigeons used was 3.1 grams. The amount of additives and drugs per pigeon per day can be calculated based on the requirements of each pigeon. For example, if each pigeon needs vitamin A300 international unit every day, and every pigeon eats 3 grams of health sand meter every day, it should contain 100,000 A vitamins in 3 grams, and add 100 grams of multidimensional food for every 100 kilograms of feed. Health care sand ratio 20:1, can be calculated in 1 kg health sand should be added multidimensional 20 grams. And so on, calculate the amount of other additives added to the health sand.
3. Precautions for preparation When preparing health sand, it is necessary to check whether the various ingredients are clean, with or without impurities, and mildew; the ingredients such as red clay, shell powder, coarse sand, bone meal, etc. should be mixed well and fed to health care every day. Mix other ingredients with less amount and easy oxidation and deliquescence before sand mixing; Each pigeon farm can choose ingredients according to the status of the pigeons and the actual situation in the field. For example, in the case of sudden changes in the weather, high temperature and high humidity, the pigeons are prone to stress, and a variety of vitamins can be added to the health sand; if the pigeons are raised on the ground, anticoccidiosis drugs can be appropriately increased to prevent coccidiosis, but not Excessive to prevent poisoning; summer season of pigeon epidemic can increase the amount of vitamin A and antibiotics, to play a role in fear of help. In addition, in the case of food poisoning in the pigeon population, in addition to taking appropriate detoxification measures, the amount of Chuangan oil and licorice powder may be appropriately increased to stimulate the secretion of digestive juices, promote digestion, and restore pigeons as soon as possible.
Third, the use of health sand is now used to ensure fresh, prevent certain substances from being oxidized, decomposed or adverse reactions. Health sand should be supplied every day, with regular supply. This helps to improve the appetite condition of the pigeons. Generally after the morning feed, health sand is fed. Usually about 1 teaspoon of health sand is fed for each pair of breeders, and 1 full teaspoon is available for those with pigeons, and half a teaspoon is not available for the youngsters. Thoroughly clean up the remaining health sand every week and replace it with new health sand. If it is not guaranteed that the health sand is fresh, there will be abnormal conditions such as low fertilization rate of pigeon eggs and recurrent episodes of trichomoniasis. Young birds who are retained as breeders should also regularly supply health sand to ensure the healthy growth of pigeons. The ingredients of health sand should be adjusted at any time according to the season and the status of the pigeons to meet the actual needs of production.
Organic materials: also known as organic polymer materials, generally by C, H, O and other elements of the relative molecular weight of more than 100,000 (of course, there are other elements, such as S or P, etc.) generally speaking, solubility (divided into two kinds of swelling and dissolution), thermoplasticity (high temperature into the kind of viscosity) And thermosetting (seemingly low temperature and return to solid state), strength characteristics (than carbon or steel and other materials made of general strength is about twice its strength), electrical insulation, general organic materials have rubber, cellulose, protein, starch, high polymer, etc.
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