1. What is fresh-keeping, preservation, preservation, or preservation? The main content is preservation, that is, to maintain the original quality and freshness of some agricultural products for a long period of time, that is, fresh agricultural products that are stored for a period of time After that, it is still freshly picked or near the fresh state and quality just after picking.
2. The relation between temperature and freshness preservation of agricultural products After harvesting, agricultural products are still a living body. During the storage process, it needs to maintain its life, and it is necessary to cut off its own storage nutrients, and gradually lose its nutritional value and live quality. In addition, insect pests can use the stored nutrients of agricultural products as food. As a result, the agricultural products will spoil and deteriorate and lose their freshness and food value. How to ensure that the livelihood of agricultural products after harvesting keeps the nutrition and live quality, and temperature is the most important influencing factor. Generally speaking, the lower the temperature, the less nutrient consumption of the product, the worse the pest and disease, and the longer it takes to maintain fresh quality. At the same time, the smaller the temperature change, the better the preservation effect. Preservation temperature is not unrestricted low, because the temperature is so low that the product can not endure, cold injury or freezing injury will occur. Therefore, fresh storage requires a relatively stable and suitable low temperature condition. The optimum preservation temperature for most agricultural products is around 0°C.
3. Maintaining the optimum temperature for keeping fresh produce in storage is changing with the season of the year and the time of day. Most of the seasons for conventional agricultural products are high in temperature in the season of normal cultivation and harvesting, and the amplitude of day and night changes greatly. Fresh products suitable for storage. Many simple solutions are to find a place where the natural temperature is relatively low and stable to store agricultural products to extend the shelf life of products, such as caves, crypts, shady areas, etc. These methods can not arbitrarily control the temperature, the preservation effect is poor, and the preservation period is also Shorter. According to the temperature required for long-term storage and preservation of products, the final solution still depends on artificially creating a relatively stable low-temperature condition, that is, through mechanical equipment and electronic equipment, within a certain range, it is possible to artificially control the temperature, common cold storage This is such a facility.
4. What is cold storage, generally refers to the use of various equipment, refrigeration, human control and maintain a stable low temperature facilities. Its basic components are: refrigeration systems; electronic control devices; warehouses with certain insulation properties; ancillary buildings, etc.
The refrigeration system mainly includes a variety of refrigeration equipment. The refrigeration equipment is the heart of the cold storage. It produces a cooling capacity and ensures the cold source supply in the warehouse. The electronic control device is the brain of the cold storage. It directs the refrigeration system to ensure the supply of cold.
The warehouse with certain thermal insulation properties is a place for storing fresh agricultural products. Its role is to maintain the stability of the low-temperature environment. It is usually referred to as thermal insulation. The good thermal insulation structure of the warehouse can minimize the leakage of refrigeration equipment manufacturing to the outside. In other words, it is to minimize the leakage of heat from outside the library to the inside of the warehouse. This is also the main reason for cold storage and general housing. the difference.
5. The type of cold storage and the selection of rural origins There are many types of cold storage in China, and the classification lacks uniform standards. According to the types commonly used in production areas are briefly introduced as follows:
(1) According to the size of the storage capacity, there are large, medium, and small points. The large and medium sized commercial libraries mentioned in the general information are relatively large. According to the characteristics of the relatively cold storage areas in our country and the habitual appellations of the masses, a library with a storage capacity of 1,000 tons or more can be called a large-scale library, a library with a capacity of 1,000 tons or more and a volume of 100 tons or more can be called a medium-sized library, and a library with a capacity of 100 tons or less can be called Small library. The village of origin is most suitable for building a small cold storage of 10 tons to 100 tons.
(2) The refrigerant used by the refrigerator can be divided into ammonia refrigerating machine bank and fluorine refrigerating machine, and the high-automated fluorine refrigerating machine can be used to build small refrigerated warehouses in rural areas.
(3) According to the temperature of the cold storage, there is a distinction between low-temperature storage and high-temperature storage. The storage of fresh fruits and vegetables is generally a high-temperature storage, with a minimum temperature of -2°C. Aquatic and meat-based fresh-keeping warehouses are low-temperature libraries with temperatures below -18°C.
(4) There are cold storage and cold storage cold storage in the form of cold distributor inside the cold storage. Fresh fruits and vegetables are generally used cold storage cold storage, commonly known as cold storage.
(5) According to the construction method of the warehouse, it is divided into a civil cold storage, an assembly cold storage, and a civil and assembly composite cold storage. Civil cold storage is generally a sandwich wall thermal insulation structure. It covers a large area and has a long construction period. Early cold storage is such a method. Prefabricated cold storage is a prefabricated insulated sheet warehouse. The construction period is short and can be disassembled, but the investment is large. The civil engineering and assembly complex cold storage, the load-bearing and peripheral structure of the warehouse are civil construction forms, and the heat preservation structure is a form of polyurethane spray foaming or polystyrene foam board assembly. The civil construction and assembly compound cold storage in which the polystyrene foam board is insulated is the most economical application, and it is the preferred form of cold storage in the production area.
6. Refrigeration equipment for small refrigerators Cold storage equipment is the heart of cold storage. It is very important. The most critical condition for a cold storage operation is cooling equipment. The main part of the refrigeration equipment is a refrigerator. There are many types of refrigeration equipment. There are two types of refrigerants: ammonia and fluorine. Some fluoro engines are common models for many types of refrigerants. Advanced fluoro engines use more refrigerants R22 and other new refrigerants that have little effect on the environment. Fluorine machines are generally small in size, low in noise, safe and reliable, have a high degree of automation, and have a wide range of applications. They are suitable for use in rural small refrigerators. The combination of refrigerators and condensers is often referred to as a refrigeration unit, and the refrigeration unit is divided into a water-cooled unit and an air-cooled unit. The air-cooled unit is the preferred form of the small cold storage. It has the advantages of simplicity, compactness, easy installation, convenient operation and less auxiliary equipment. The chiller of a refrigeration unit is the heart of refrigeration equipment. Common compression chillers are divided into open, semi-enclosed and totally enclosed types. The hermetic compressor is small in size, low in noise, less in power consumption, and highly energy-efficient. It is the preferred model of large cold storage in rural areas. An air-cooled refrigeration unit consisting mainly of totally enclosed compressors can be made into the form of a split air conditioner and mounted on a wall. The relatively good closed-circuit refrigeration compressors on the market nowadays are more reliable in terms of the quality of imported or Sino-foreign joint ventures in developed countries, but their prices are more than 50% higher than those of domestically-made confidential ones.
7. The benefits of building a small cold store in rural areas The small cold storage of 10 tons to 20 tons in rural areas is most suitable. The investment in small cold storage is between 20,000 yuan and 40,000 yuan, which is a range that can be accepted by the average farmer. Such a small cold storage unit has a small capacity, is easy to control, and is convenient for storage and warehousing. A product is easy to store, has rapid cooling, has stable temperature, consumes less electricity, and has a high degree of automation. It is as easy to manage as a home air conditioner and a refrigerator. A number of such small cold storages have formed a small cold storage complex with a total capacity of several hundred tons and thousands of tons, and its total investment is similar to that of large and medium-sized cold storages of the same scale. But it can keep more products and varieties, according to its different preservation temperature requirements, can achieve arbitrary control, which is not easy to do large-capacity cold storage. In short, the flexibility, operability, degree of automation, energy-saving effect, and operating effectiveness of the small cold storage group are much better than that of the medium- and large-scale cold storage.
8. Recommend several modern small-scale cold storage to everyone (1) civil construction and assembly complex small cold wind storage building composite cold storage is a new type of cold storage built by the Shandong Institute of Fruit Research, its walls and housing cover is a brick, Brick and tile or brick-concrete structure, thermal insulation structure is applied on the inner wall of civil buildings. The storage capacity is less than 100 tons and the representative warehouse types are TZFX-10Q and TZFX-20Q. Build a standard TZFX-10Q civil and assembly complex small cold wind storage warehouse, with a design capacity of 10 tons, 60 cubic meters of volume, polyphenyl insulation board-based economical insulation project of around 7,000 yuan, and refrigeration engineering of around 20,000 yuan, all projects including construction Fees, installation fees, delivery of a normal operation of the library within 27,000 yuan. A 20-ton TZFX-20Q civil engineering and assembly complex small cold wind warehouse is about 110 cubic meters, economical insulation engineering is more than 10,000 yuan, and refrigeration engineering is less than 30,000 yuan. The total project cost is about 40,000 yuan. The above two types of 10 tons and 20 tons of storage do not include the civil construction part of the house. The civil construction house is an ordinary private house with no windows and only door openings. The 10-ton library is a larger private house, and the 20-ton library is a two-passenger house. Newly built houses have different standards and costs. The private houses required here are cheaper than the houses of the residents, because they are informal and do not need renovations, as long as they are weatherproof and strong and reliable. The cost of thermal insulation project using polyurethane spray is 40% higher than that of polystyrene board. The TZFX series of civil construction and small cold storage houses are equipped with FGWQ series on-hook, 10 tons are equipped with FGWQ-301 or 302; 20 tons are equipped with FGWQ-501 or 502. High efficiency, low noise, fully automated operation. (2) The TZTZ series cylinder shed automatic cold storage Another new type of cold storage built by the Shandong Provincial Institute of Fruit Research, it is a single-room capacity of 50 tons or more, more hang-type cold storage. The architectural form of TZTZ series cylinder shed automatic cold storage is 3 meters to 4 meters in width, 20 meters or more in length, leaving one door at each end, or leaving two or more doors on one side. The simple and economical building is in the form of 240 brick wall plus floor slab roof. The warehouse can block the windows and redundant doors, and can also be transformed into an automated cold storage room. The insulation structure of the automated refrigerator compartment of the broiling chamber is the same as that of the TZFX series of cold storage, and can adopt the economical form of a multi-layer polystyrene foam panel composite assembly. The automatic chiller refrigeration equipment in the cylinder shed is FGWQ series on-hook, no special equipment room is required, and multiple on-hook and electric control boxes are hung on one side of the warehouse. Each chiller in the on-hook and warehouse is an independent system. By setting the number of on-hook stations, the power consumption can be easily adjusted. For example, when the warehousing is centralized, all the on-hook machines are put into operation to quickly reduce the temperature; the library temperature maintenance period and the low temperature season , You can select some parts to hang up to work, reduce power consumption and reduce operating costs. The automatic cold storehouse in the syllable can be used as a pre-cooling workshop. The product is rapidly cooled, one end of the warehouse is restocked, and the other end is shipped to realize streamlined operations. Together, otherwise, the watermelon will soften earlier and shorten the preservation time.
2. The relation between temperature and freshness preservation of agricultural products After harvesting, agricultural products are still a living body. During the storage process, it needs to maintain its life, and it is necessary to cut off its own storage nutrients, and gradually lose its nutritional value and live quality. In addition, insect pests can use the stored nutrients of agricultural products as food. As a result, the agricultural products will spoil and deteriorate and lose their freshness and food value. How to ensure that the livelihood of agricultural products after harvesting keeps the nutrition and live quality, and temperature is the most important influencing factor. Generally speaking, the lower the temperature, the less nutrient consumption of the product, the worse the pest and disease, and the longer it takes to maintain fresh quality. At the same time, the smaller the temperature change, the better the preservation effect. Preservation temperature is not unrestricted low, because the temperature is so low that the product can not endure, cold injury or freezing injury will occur. Therefore, fresh storage requires a relatively stable and suitable low temperature condition. The optimum preservation temperature for most agricultural products is around 0°C.
3. Maintaining the optimum temperature for keeping fresh produce in storage is changing with the season of the year and the time of day. Most of the seasons for conventional agricultural products are high in temperature in the season of normal cultivation and harvesting, and the amplitude of day and night changes greatly. Fresh products suitable for storage. Many simple solutions are to find a place where the natural temperature is relatively low and stable to store agricultural products to extend the shelf life of products, such as caves, crypts, shady areas, etc. These methods can not arbitrarily control the temperature, the preservation effect is poor, and the preservation period is also Shorter. According to the temperature required for long-term storage and preservation of products, the final solution still depends on artificially creating a relatively stable low-temperature condition, that is, through mechanical equipment and electronic equipment, within a certain range, it is possible to artificially control the temperature, common cold storage This is such a facility.
4. What is cold storage, generally refers to the use of various equipment, refrigeration, human control and maintain a stable low temperature facilities. Its basic components are: refrigeration systems; electronic control devices; warehouses with certain insulation properties; ancillary buildings, etc.
The refrigeration system mainly includes a variety of refrigeration equipment. The refrigeration equipment is the heart of the cold storage. It produces a cooling capacity and ensures the cold source supply in the warehouse. The electronic control device is the brain of the cold storage. It directs the refrigeration system to ensure the supply of cold.
The warehouse with certain thermal insulation properties is a place for storing fresh agricultural products. Its role is to maintain the stability of the low-temperature environment. It is usually referred to as thermal insulation. The good thermal insulation structure of the warehouse can minimize the leakage of refrigeration equipment manufacturing to the outside. In other words, it is to minimize the leakage of heat from outside the library to the inside of the warehouse. This is also the main reason for cold storage and general housing. the difference.
5. The type of cold storage and the selection of rural origins There are many types of cold storage in China, and the classification lacks uniform standards. According to the types commonly used in production areas are briefly introduced as follows:
(1) According to the size of the storage capacity, there are large, medium, and small points. The large and medium sized commercial libraries mentioned in the general information are relatively large. According to the characteristics of the relatively cold storage areas in our country and the habitual appellations of the masses, a library with a storage capacity of 1,000 tons or more can be called a large-scale library, a library with a capacity of 1,000 tons or more and a volume of 100 tons or more can be called a medium-sized library, and a library with a capacity of 100 tons or less can be called Small library. The village of origin is most suitable for building a small cold storage of 10 tons to 100 tons.
(2) The refrigerant used by the refrigerator can be divided into ammonia refrigerating machine bank and fluorine refrigerating machine, and the high-automated fluorine refrigerating machine can be used to build small refrigerated warehouses in rural areas.
(3) According to the temperature of the cold storage, there is a distinction between low-temperature storage and high-temperature storage. The storage of fresh fruits and vegetables is generally a high-temperature storage, with a minimum temperature of -2°C. Aquatic and meat-based fresh-keeping warehouses are low-temperature libraries with temperatures below -18°C.
(4) There are cold storage and cold storage cold storage in the form of cold distributor inside the cold storage. Fresh fruits and vegetables are generally used cold storage cold storage, commonly known as cold storage.
(5) According to the construction method of the warehouse, it is divided into a civil cold storage, an assembly cold storage, and a civil and assembly composite cold storage. Civil cold storage is generally a sandwich wall thermal insulation structure. It covers a large area and has a long construction period. Early cold storage is such a method. Prefabricated cold storage is a prefabricated insulated sheet warehouse. The construction period is short and can be disassembled, but the investment is large. The civil engineering and assembly complex cold storage, the load-bearing and peripheral structure of the warehouse are civil construction forms, and the heat preservation structure is a form of polyurethane spray foaming or polystyrene foam board assembly. The civil construction and assembly compound cold storage in which the polystyrene foam board is insulated is the most economical application, and it is the preferred form of cold storage in the production area.
6. Refrigeration equipment for small refrigerators Cold storage equipment is the heart of cold storage. It is very important. The most critical condition for a cold storage operation is cooling equipment. The main part of the refrigeration equipment is a refrigerator. There are many types of refrigeration equipment. There are two types of refrigerants: ammonia and fluorine. Some fluoro engines are common models for many types of refrigerants. Advanced fluoro engines use more refrigerants R22 and other new refrigerants that have little effect on the environment. Fluorine machines are generally small in size, low in noise, safe and reliable, have a high degree of automation, and have a wide range of applications. They are suitable for use in rural small refrigerators. The combination of refrigerators and condensers is often referred to as a refrigeration unit, and the refrigeration unit is divided into a water-cooled unit and an air-cooled unit. The air-cooled unit is the preferred form of the small cold storage. It has the advantages of simplicity, compactness, easy installation, convenient operation and less auxiliary equipment. The chiller of a refrigeration unit is the heart of refrigeration equipment. Common compression chillers are divided into open, semi-enclosed and totally enclosed types. The hermetic compressor is small in size, low in noise, less in power consumption, and highly energy-efficient. It is the preferred model of large cold storage in rural areas. An air-cooled refrigeration unit consisting mainly of totally enclosed compressors can be made into the form of a split air conditioner and mounted on a wall. The relatively good closed-circuit refrigeration compressors on the market nowadays are more reliable in terms of the quality of imported or Sino-foreign joint ventures in developed countries, but their prices are more than 50% higher than those of domestically-made confidential ones.
7. The benefits of building a small cold store in rural areas The small cold storage of 10 tons to 20 tons in rural areas is most suitable. The investment in small cold storage is between 20,000 yuan and 40,000 yuan, which is a range that can be accepted by the average farmer. Such a small cold storage unit has a small capacity, is easy to control, and is convenient for storage and warehousing. A product is easy to store, has rapid cooling, has stable temperature, consumes less electricity, and has a high degree of automation. It is as easy to manage as a home air conditioner and a refrigerator. A number of such small cold storages have formed a small cold storage complex with a total capacity of several hundred tons and thousands of tons, and its total investment is similar to that of large and medium-sized cold storages of the same scale. But it can keep more products and varieties, according to its different preservation temperature requirements, can achieve arbitrary control, which is not easy to do large-capacity cold storage. In short, the flexibility, operability, degree of automation, energy-saving effect, and operating effectiveness of the small cold storage group are much better than that of the medium- and large-scale cold storage.
8. Recommend several modern small-scale cold storage to everyone (1) civil construction and assembly complex small cold wind storage building composite cold storage is a new type of cold storage built by the Shandong Institute of Fruit Research, its walls and housing cover is a brick, Brick and tile or brick-concrete structure, thermal insulation structure is applied on the inner wall of civil buildings. The storage capacity is less than 100 tons and the representative warehouse types are TZFX-10Q and TZFX-20Q. Build a standard TZFX-10Q civil and assembly complex small cold wind storage warehouse, with a design capacity of 10 tons, 60 cubic meters of volume, polyphenyl insulation board-based economical insulation project of around 7,000 yuan, and refrigeration engineering of around 20,000 yuan, all projects including construction Fees, installation fees, delivery of a normal operation of the library within 27,000 yuan. A 20-ton TZFX-20Q civil engineering and assembly complex small cold wind warehouse is about 110 cubic meters, economical insulation engineering is more than 10,000 yuan, and refrigeration engineering is less than 30,000 yuan. The total project cost is about 40,000 yuan. The above two types of 10 tons and 20 tons of storage do not include the civil construction part of the house. The civil construction house is an ordinary private house with no windows and only door openings. The 10-ton library is a larger private house, and the 20-ton library is a two-passenger house. Newly built houses have different standards and costs. The private houses required here are cheaper than the houses of the residents, because they are informal and do not need renovations, as long as they are weatherproof and strong and reliable. The cost of thermal insulation project using polyurethane spray is 40% higher than that of polystyrene board. The TZFX series of civil construction and small cold storage houses are equipped with FGWQ series on-hook, 10 tons are equipped with FGWQ-301 or 302; 20 tons are equipped with FGWQ-501 or 502. High efficiency, low noise, fully automated operation. (2) The TZTZ series cylinder shed automatic cold storage Another new type of cold storage built by the Shandong Provincial Institute of Fruit Research, it is a single-room capacity of 50 tons or more, more hang-type cold storage. The architectural form of TZTZ series cylinder shed automatic cold storage is 3 meters to 4 meters in width, 20 meters or more in length, leaving one door at each end, or leaving two or more doors on one side. The simple and economical building is in the form of 240 brick wall plus floor slab roof. The warehouse can block the windows and redundant doors, and can also be transformed into an automated cold storage room. The insulation structure of the automated refrigerator compartment of the broiling chamber is the same as that of the TZFX series of cold storage, and can adopt the economical form of a multi-layer polystyrene foam panel composite assembly. The automatic chiller refrigeration equipment in the cylinder shed is FGWQ series on-hook, no special equipment room is required, and multiple on-hook and electric control boxes are hung on one side of the warehouse. Each chiller in the on-hook and warehouse is an independent system. By setting the number of on-hook stations, the power consumption can be easily adjusted. For example, when the warehousing is centralized, all the on-hook machines are put into operation to quickly reduce the temperature; the library temperature maintenance period and the low temperature season , You can select some parts to hang up to work, reduce power consumption and reduce operating costs. The automatic cold storehouse in the syllable can be used as a pre-cooling workshop. The product is rapidly cooled, one end of the warehouse is restocked, and the other end is shipped to realize streamlined operations. Together, otherwise, the watermelon will soften earlier and shorten the preservation time.
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