Loofah is a kind of high-quality vegetable that people love deeply. In recent years, the planting area in the north has been expanding year by year. However, due to the occurrence of diseases of different degrees, the annual output and economic loss are 10% to 20%, which affects the income of vegetable farmers. The author investigated the main diseases of loofah and conducted a preliminary study of prevention and control technology, and achieved the expected control effect.
1, the main diseases of loofah species and symptoms
1.1 The disease of loofah virus disease showed light green and dark green mottled or faded small ring spots in the young leaves. The old leaves showed yellow ring spots or yellow-green leaves and leaves, the leaves were twisted or deformed, and dead spots were produced in the later period. After the onset of the fruit, he had a spiral deformity or a small twist, with chlorotic lesions.
The pathogens are mainly cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), melon mosaic virus (MMV) and tobacco spot virus (TRSV). In addition to the locust transmission of the disease, the contact friction can also pass the virus, the weather is hot and drought, is conducive to the occurrence of aphids, virus disease occurs.
1.2 The main pathogens of the downy mildew of loofah are leaves. The diseased leaves first appear irregular yellowish to yellowish lesions, and then expand to brownish brown spots. When the damp spot appears on the back of the lesions, a layer of purpuricola appears on the back of the diseased lesions. The leaves die and severely reduce production.
The pathogen of downy mildew of cucumber and cucumber downy mildew belongs to the same kind of pathogen. It is called Cuba pseudopyrucatum fungus. The pathogenic bacteria overwinters on the sickness, low temperature and rain, high air humidity, large temperature difference between day and night, and poor field drainage, which are all conducive to disease. . Field cultivation of bacteria spread by wind and rain.
1.3 Loofah anthracnose rounding is the main feature of the disease later stage. At the beginning of the disease, it was a pale yellow, almost round, small spot, which expanded into a dark brown color with a rim. When the lesion was dry, it was easily perforated and ruptured. In severe cases, the leaves died prematurely and severely reduced production. Melon vines and petiole sensation, the lesion is oval dark brown pitted spots, when the humidity is high, the lesion site overflow pink mucus.
The pathogenicity of the disease is Cucurbita genus of the Cucurbitaceae and Subgenus phylum of the fungus. High temperature, high humidity, and more rain are conducive to the occurrence of anthrax, and the pathogenic bacteria overwinter on the diseased bodies with mycelia and conidium discs.
1.4 Lobster disease mainly harms the fruit, and sometimes the vines and leaves are also affected. The onset of fruit disease mostly begins with the flower pedicle, the lesion is sag, and the water stain is dark green at the beginning. When the humidity is high, the melon rots rapidly and has white mold. Stem culm infection mainly in the tender stem or internode, the initial water-stained, after the expansion of wet rot, dark brown. The onset of the leaves is yellowish-brown spots with water-stained spots. When the humidity is high, a layer of white mold grows. When it is dry, it is bluish-white and easily broken.
The pathogens are flagellin, subphylum fungi, parasitic phytophthora, which can be transmitted as hyphae or oospore on the seeds and the diseased bodies.
1.5 Loofah powdery mildew mainly damages leaves, petioles and stems. On the back of the blade, a round or irregular white spot was born on the back of the blade. Later on, the leaves became yellow and dry. At the early stage of the disease, it is not easy to find out. After serious disease prevention and control, and affecting the yield, prevention should be the main focus.
The pathogen is melon silkworm fungus. The pathogens overwinter on the host with mycelium or conidia, becoming the primary source of infection for the following year. Conidia spread by airflow or rain.
2, prevention and control technology
2.1 Based on local conditions, select disease-free seeds of high-quality, high-yield, and disease-resistant varieties for planting. In North China, Bai Yushuang sponge gourd, Xiayi No.1, and Guangzhou Urapia are commonly used as the main cultivars.
2.2 Select fertile soil with rich non-melon vegetables as the top layer, and plant soil in deep layers. Avoid continuous cropping.
2.3 seed treatment before sowing. 4 to 5 days before sowing, soaking in warm water of 50-55°C for 15 minutes, stirring constantly, soaking in fresh water for 24 hours after water temperature drops, then using 50% carbendazim WP (WP, same below), or 58% Lei Domil manganese zinc WP500 times soaking 2 ~ 3 hours, remove and rinse after germination at 30 °C conditions, can prevent and cure a variety of diseases.
2.4 Strengthen management, nurture strong seedlings and improve disease resistance of loofah. Conservation cultivation should reduce the humidity in the shelter.
2.5 Chemicals prevent diseases. Virus disease is controlled with 20% virus AWP500 times or 15% plant disease Ling emulsion 1000 times spray, spray once every 7 days, and spray 2 or 3 times. In order to prevent the spread of pathogens, it is timely treated with 10% imidacloprid WP2000 liquid spray to control quail and whitefly; rainy season is a multiple period of downy mildew, powdery mildew, with 58% radomeir manganese zinc WP800 times or 72% Prec AS600 The liquid is effective for controlling downy mildew; powdery mildew is sprayed with 20% triadimefon emulsion 2000 times, or 2% antimycotic water 200 times. 12.5% ​​Tepidazole powder 1500 times liquid has special effects on powdery mildew, at the same time, it can cure a variety of leaf diseases and diseases. Anthracnose was treated with chlorothalonil WP 600 times or 58% of toxic Mn-Zn WP 500 times spray, or rooted with 3% of AS 600 times. The general diseases are mainly prevention, and the spraying effect is good at the early stage of disease, spraying once every 7 to 10 days, spraying 2 or 3 times, alternately using medicaments to avoid disease resistance, such as protective cultivation, high humidity in the greenhouse Use germicidal smoke smokers as much as possible.
1, the main diseases of loofah species and symptoms
1.1 The disease of loofah virus disease showed light green and dark green mottled or faded small ring spots in the young leaves. The old leaves showed yellow ring spots or yellow-green leaves and leaves, the leaves were twisted or deformed, and dead spots were produced in the later period. After the onset of the fruit, he had a spiral deformity or a small twist, with chlorotic lesions.
The pathogens are mainly cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), melon mosaic virus (MMV) and tobacco spot virus (TRSV). In addition to the locust transmission of the disease, the contact friction can also pass the virus, the weather is hot and drought, is conducive to the occurrence of aphids, virus disease occurs.
1.2 The main pathogens of the downy mildew of loofah are leaves. The diseased leaves first appear irregular yellowish to yellowish lesions, and then expand to brownish brown spots. When the damp spot appears on the back of the lesions, a layer of purpuricola appears on the back of the diseased lesions. The leaves die and severely reduce production.
The pathogen of downy mildew of cucumber and cucumber downy mildew belongs to the same kind of pathogen. It is called Cuba pseudopyrucatum fungus. The pathogenic bacteria overwinters on the sickness, low temperature and rain, high air humidity, large temperature difference between day and night, and poor field drainage, which are all conducive to disease. . Field cultivation of bacteria spread by wind and rain.
1.3 Loofah anthracnose rounding is the main feature of the disease later stage. At the beginning of the disease, it was a pale yellow, almost round, small spot, which expanded into a dark brown color with a rim. When the lesion was dry, it was easily perforated and ruptured. In severe cases, the leaves died prematurely and severely reduced production. Melon vines and petiole sensation, the lesion is oval dark brown pitted spots, when the humidity is high, the lesion site overflow pink mucus.
The pathogenicity of the disease is Cucurbita genus of the Cucurbitaceae and Subgenus phylum of the fungus. High temperature, high humidity, and more rain are conducive to the occurrence of anthrax, and the pathogenic bacteria overwinter on the diseased bodies with mycelia and conidium discs.
1.4 Lobster disease mainly harms the fruit, and sometimes the vines and leaves are also affected. The onset of fruit disease mostly begins with the flower pedicle, the lesion is sag, and the water stain is dark green at the beginning. When the humidity is high, the melon rots rapidly and has white mold. Stem culm infection mainly in the tender stem or internode, the initial water-stained, after the expansion of wet rot, dark brown. The onset of the leaves is yellowish-brown spots with water-stained spots. When the humidity is high, a layer of white mold grows. When it is dry, it is bluish-white and easily broken.
The pathogens are flagellin, subphylum fungi, parasitic phytophthora, which can be transmitted as hyphae or oospore on the seeds and the diseased bodies.
1.5 Loofah powdery mildew mainly damages leaves, petioles and stems. On the back of the blade, a round or irregular white spot was born on the back of the blade. Later on, the leaves became yellow and dry. At the early stage of the disease, it is not easy to find out. After serious disease prevention and control, and affecting the yield, prevention should be the main focus.
The pathogen is melon silkworm fungus. The pathogens overwinter on the host with mycelium or conidia, becoming the primary source of infection for the following year. Conidia spread by airflow or rain.
2, prevention and control technology
2.1 Based on local conditions, select disease-free seeds of high-quality, high-yield, and disease-resistant varieties for planting. In North China, Bai Yushuang sponge gourd, Xiayi No.1, and Guangzhou Urapia are commonly used as the main cultivars.
2.2 Select fertile soil with rich non-melon vegetables as the top layer, and plant soil in deep layers. Avoid continuous cropping.
2.3 seed treatment before sowing. 4 to 5 days before sowing, soaking in warm water of 50-55°C for 15 minutes, stirring constantly, soaking in fresh water for 24 hours after water temperature drops, then using 50% carbendazim WP (WP, same below), or 58% Lei Domil manganese zinc WP500 times soaking 2 ~ 3 hours, remove and rinse after germination at 30 °C conditions, can prevent and cure a variety of diseases.
2.4 Strengthen management, nurture strong seedlings and improve disease resistance of loofah. Conservation cultivation should reduce the humidity in the shelter.
2.5 Chemicals prevent diseases. Virus disease is controlled with 20% virus AWP500 times or 15% plant disease Ling emulsion 1000 times spray, spray once every 7 days, and spray 2 or 3 times. In order to prevent the spread of pathogens, it is timely treated with 10% imidacloprid WP2000 liquid spray to control quail and whitefly; rainy season is a multiple period of downy mildew, powdery mildew, with 58% radomeir manganese zinc WP800 times or 72% Prec AS600 The liquid is effective for controlling downy mildew; powdery mildew is sprayed with 20% triadimefon emulsion 2000 times, or 2% antimycotic water 200 times. 12.5% ​​Tepidazole powder 1500 times liquid has special effects on powdery mildew, at the same time, it can cure a variety of leaf diseases and diseases. Anthracnose was treated with chlorothalonil WP 600 times or 58% of toxic Mn-Zn WP 500 times spray, or rooted with 3% of AS 600 times. The general diseases are mainly prevention, and the spraying effect is good at the early stage of disease, spraying once every 7 to 10 days, spraying 2 or 3 times, alternately using medicaments to avoid disease resistance, such as protective cultivation, high humidity in the greenhouse Use germicidal smoke smokers as much as possible.
Agrochemical Adjuvant,Stabilizing Agent,Stabilizing Surfactant Adjuvant,Agricultural Additive Agent
Jiangxi Tiansheng New Materials Co.,Ltd , http://www.jxtsxcl.com