Earthworms, commonly referred to as "crickets" or "Qufu" in some regions, are classified under the order Oligochaeta in zoology. It is estimated that there are over 200 species of earthworms found globally, with several commonly cultivated varieties such as Ai Shengmiao (Red Dragonfly), Huanmao (Blue Miao), and Hebi (Chinese Land Dragon). These species are often used for medicinal purposes or as a source of protein in certain traditional practices.
First, let's explore the methods of collecting earthworms:
1. **Water Irrigation Method**: Earthworms are sensitive to water, so this method involves pouring water into their burrows to force them to the surface. This technique is particularly effective in spring paddy fields or areas where moisture is abundant.
2. **Feed Pile Trapping Method**: A well-fermented feed mixture is piled in areas where earthworms are likely to gather, such as near compost piles or vegetable gardens. The pile should be about 30–40 cm high, 40–50 cm wide, and can be as long as needed. After 3–5 days, earthworms will collect around the pile. For better results, mixing 50% soil with the fermented feed can enhance trapping effectiveness.
3. **Digging Method**: This is a simple but less efficient technique, involving digging into the soil with a spade or trowel. While not ideal for large-scale collection, it works well for small farms or personal use.
4. **Chemical Capture Method**: A 15% potassium permanganate solution can be sprinkled at a rate of about 7 liters per square meter. This causes the earthworms to emerge quickly, making them easy to collect. Alternatively, a 0.55% formaldehyde solution can be used at a rate of 13.7 liters per square meter.
Once collected, earthworms are processed into medicinal materials. The general method involves soaking them in warm water to remove surface mucus, then mixing them with ash to kill them and dry them. In Guangdong, an additional step includes using hot sage grass tea to make a paste, which is then combined with clear water. The mixture is poured into a container, allowing the earthworms to release their scent. Afterward, they are mixed with straw ash, shaped into small cones, and placed on wooden boards. A knife is used to carefully cut open the abdomen from head to tail, and the internal soil is washed away with warm water. The cleaned worms are then spread on a mat and dried. On rainy days, proper drainage is essential to ensure the final product, known as "earth dragon meat," is properly preserved.
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