Vigorously promote the intercropping technique of intercropping wheat Intercropping wheat with other high-efficiency crops can effectively solve the contradiction between other high-efficiency crops and wheat, and is an effective measure to stabilize the area of ​​wheat and expand the area of ​​high-yield crops. In terms of specific models, the following are mainly promoted: (1) Intercropping techniques for wheat, wintering vegetables, and peanut intercropping: In general, irrigated land is intercropped with large-groove wheat, ie, the ditch is 0.7 to 0.8 meters, and the ditch is 0.l meters. The bottom of the ditch is 0.2 meters wide. In autumn, 2 rows of wheat were planted on the bottom of the ditch, and 3 rows of overwintering vegetables were sown on the ridge. After the winter vegetables were harvested in April of the following year, 2 rows of peanuts were planted on the back of the ridge. (2) Intercropping techniques for wheat, wintering vegetables, and cotton (watermelon): Before wheat autumn seeds, they are each 60 centimeters wide and low and 100 centimeters wide and high in the 1.6 meters planting belt, and 3 to 4 rows of low bracts. Wheat, sorghum, winter vegetables. In the middle of April of the following year, after harvesting the winter vegetables, two rows of cotton (or two rows of watermelons) were planted on the sorghum, with 3500 to 4000 plants per mu (about 850 strains of watermelon mulching). (3) Intercropping techniques for wheat, overwintering vegetables, and ginger intercropping: 1.8-meter-wide rice bread, 2 rows of broad-leaved wheat flour, 1 line of wheat on the back, 1 species of overwintering vegetables (spinach, leeks, etc.), After harvesting the winter vegetables in the following year, during the “Guyu†to “Lixia†period, 3 rows of ginger are planted on the surface of the raft, with a row spacing of 60 cm, a plant spacing of 20 cm, and a seed mass of about 75 g, which is 350-400 kg per mu. When the wheat was harvested, only wheat ears were cut, and wheat straw with a height of 50 cm was used as a “shadow†for ginger shade. (4) Intercropping techniques for wheat, wintering vegetables, yellow tobacco, and autumn vegetables: Each 2 meters is a planting belt, and each one is one meter high and one low. Low-lying autumn six-line wheat, sorghum kind of winter vegetables. In the following year, the overwintering vegetables were harvested before the "summer season" and transplanted with two rows of yellow smoke in early May. After the wheat harvest, it combines the yellow tobacco cultivator and the stubble cultivator. After cultivating the “Autumnâ€, it is ridged and bred with 2 rows of autumn vegetables such as radish and Chinese cabbage. (5) Intercropping techniques for wheat, garlic, corn, and soybean (or mung bean): Alum, which is 1 meter wide, and small beak, 0.7 meter in length, are prepared before autumn. In late September, 4 lines of garlic were planted in Xiaoyan, with a spacing of 0.120.12 meters. On the 1st of October, 6 rows of wheat were planted in Daxie with a spacing of 0.2 meters. In the first half of May, two rows of garlic were planted on both sides of the plant to produce compact maize with a potential for yield increase of 3,500 per acre. After harvesting, the wheat was formed into 1.2-meter and 0.5-meter-wide rows, and two rows of soybeans or mung beans were sown in large rows. Increase the depth of tillage and the amount of organic fertilizer (1) Increase the depth of tillage. Studies have shown that plowing deep plowing the soil can break the plough bottom layer, deepen the living soil layer, enhance the capacity of rain and sluice, and is conducive to the development of the wheat root system and increase the yield. Generally within the depth of 45 centimeters, each deep plowing 3 centimeters, can increase the effective storage of about 5 square meters per mu, mu increase production of 15 to 25 kg of wheat. However, in recent years, our province has used rotary ploughs to rotate and replace ploughs. The cultivating layer of rotary ploughs is too shallow, generally less than 15 centimeters. There are also part of the machine farmland, because the cultivator is driven by economic interests, and the depth of ploughing is often insufficient. This year, year after year, the plough layer was thickened and the plough layer was shallow, which seriously affected the root development and wheat yield of wheat. Therefore, this year's autumn season, all localities must fully mobilize all large and medium-sized agricultural machinery that can be mobilized, increase the depth of ploughing as far as possible, and strive to expand the deep ploughing area of ​​machinery. Autumn farming should not be delayed as soon as possible. After autumn crops are harvested, mechanical tillage should be stepped up to prevent runaways and accumulate autumn precipitation. For deep, high-yield fields with deep soil, the depth of ploughing should be 25 cm or more, and the middle tract should be 23 cm or more. Mountain dry land may be lyrical and appropriate. Good lyrics can be properly ploughed, poor pluck should be ploughed, and deep ploughing can be conducted alternately every other year. At the same time, the machine should be combined with the machine, and be sure to plow and turn the edge while plowing. It is necessary to dig through, plow, level, and smash, and eliminate dark and light, and avoid deep plowing. (B) increase the amount of organic fertilizer. Fertilizer is the material basis for improving wheat quality and increasing wheat yield. Organic manure has the advantages of complete nutrients, long fertilizer effect, improved soil and fertility. However, in recent years, due to the impact of lower food prices, farmers' input in wheat fields has been significantly reduced, especially the input of organic fertilizers has been severely low, and soil fertility has declined. Therefore, in order to maintain the sustainable and steady development of wheat production, it is necessary to increase fertilizer input, especially to pay attention to broadening the source of fertilizers, increase the input of organic fertilizers, in order to fertilize the soil and improve soil fertility. There are various ways to increase organic fertilizers. The main ones are: First, mobilize the masses and vigorously accumulate farmyard fertilizers; second, engage in straw return. Around the country, efforts can be made to increase the area of ​​returning straw by returning straw to the field, returning the straw to the field, and cleaning the straw to return the land. Third, in areas with favorable conditions, the agricultural department should cooperate with the urban construction and sanitation departments to do a good job of “urban fertilizers going to the countryside†to increase the supply of organic fertilizers. However, the organic fertilizers should be fully fermented and decomposed when applied. General requirements of high-yield fields Mushi organic fertilizer 3000 to 4000 kilograms, returning wheat straw, wheat bran and other 200 kilograms, or 800 kilograms of fresh corn stalks; low-yielding fields Mushi organic fertilizer 2500 to 3000 kilograms, returning wheat straw (silkworm) 100 to 200 Kg, or fresh corn stalks 500 to 800 kg. Based on the application of organic fertilizers, we should pay attention to the rational use of chemical fertilizers, and focus on adjusting the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus in order to improve fertilizer efficiency. Generally, high-yield fields need to control nitrogen, stabilize phosphorus, increase potassium, and supplement trace elements. The ratio of N, P, and K is 1:0.6:0.5 to 0.7, and silicon, calcium, zinc, boron, and manganese are added according to soil nutrient conditions. Such as trace elements; the middle field to "stabilize nitrogen, increase phosphorus", nitrogen and phosphorus ratio of 1:0.75; low-yield fields to "nitrogen, phosphorus", nitrogen and phosphorus with a ratio of 1:1. The amount of fertilizer applied at the bottom can generally be 30 to 40 kg of standard nitrogen fertilizer, 50 to 75 kg of standard phosphate fertilizer, 15 to 20 kg of potassium fertilizer, and 1.5 kg of zinc fertilizer. When applying chemical fertilizers, it is necessary to vigorously promote the deep application of chemical fertilizers, and to achieve a combination of centralized application and layered application. About 50% to 60% of the total amount of basal fertilizer is used as the plough base fertilizer, and 40% to 50% of the plough base fertilizer is to be planted before the seedling is planted. The depth of burial is about 5 centimeters, and it is necessary to resolutely put an end to the surface application. Expand regional acreage and planting areas for pesticides or seed dressings, and planting area for appropriate crops in appropriate period (I) Expand regional acreage. In previous years, the province's wheat production had been listed in the national ranks for quality and purity for a long period of time due to the implementation of a unified seed supply, “1.2.5†project, and improved seed industrialization projects. However, in recent years, due to a variety of reasons, many localities have introduced new varieties (lines) indiscriminately and chaotically, and the phenomenon of “multiple, chaotic, and miscellaneous†varieties is rising. An effective way to solve this problem is to use good varieties and implement regional planting. Especially in areas where high-quality special wheat is planted, it is necessary to take the path of “distribution by production, regional planting, and industrializationâ€. All localities should, on the basis of conscientiously doing a good job of market analysis, reasonably determine the planting area, fully respect the wishes of the peasants, guide the grain units to sign purchase contracts with farmers, and vigorously develop order agriculture. The whole township or whole village should be planted with a variety of products in a contiguous manner, adopting the operation model of “unity for the species, unified management, and unified acquisition†to prevent confusion and ensure the stability of quality. In the selection of high-quality special wheat varieties, according to the needs of the processing enterprises, the planting yield is high, the quality is stable, and it meets the requirements of the processing enterprises for various types of special varieties, and the corresponding cultivation techniques must be provided. This autumn, the bread wheat is planted with Yannong 19, Jinan No. 17, Daimai 12, and PH82~2~2. Noodle wheat is mainly promoted for Jimai No. 19, Yannong No. 15,95021, and No. 64425. The drylands mainly promote Shannong Youmai No. 2 and Yannong No. 19. The layout of common wheat varieties should be adapted to local conditions and regional planting. In accordance with the principle of “supporting varieties and ecological regions, matching the productivity of land and varieties, matching the early, middle and late maturity varieties with appropriate sowing dates, matching the water-resistant conditions with the drought resistance of the varieties, and matching high-yield and high-quality,†Good variety layout. Where conditions permit, we must try our best to implement a unified approach to planting, so that regionalized and concentrated planting can be carried out in order to increase the purity of improved varieties and give full play to the potential for yield increase of improved varieties. For general high-yielding fields, Lumai 22, Lumai 23, Jining 13 and Lumai 21 can be used; in the middle production field, Lumai 21, Jinan 16, and Lumai 14 can be selected; dry land can be selected. Wheat No. 21, Yannong No. 18, Laizhou No. 3279, Lumai No. 19, etc.; late buckwheat can be used in late-maturing early-maturing Lumai 15, Lumai 20, Jinjing No. 1 and other varieties. (b) to expand the area of ​​seed dressing or seed coating. Seeding techniques such as seed dressing or seed dressing prior to sowing are effective measures for preventing and controlling diseases and pests in wheat seedlings, seizing seedlings, seedlings, and seedlings. Therefore, all localities must strive to expand the seed processing area. When applying chemical seed dressing, care should be taken to use highly efficient, safe and ecological pesticides as much as possible to reduce pesticide residues and ensure high quality and high yield of wheat. Diseases such as sheath blight, root rot, full-bleeding disease, scattered smut, etc., can be selected from 2% rickettsia seed dressing at 0.1% to 0.15% of seed weight, or 20% triadimefon at 0.15% seed weight. Seed dressing. Heavier plots of the ground pests may use 40% methylisotriphos-phosphate or 35% methylthiophosphorus emulsifiable concentrate, and are seeded at 0.2% of the seed amount. Diseases and insects mixed land can use the above agents (fungicide + insecticide) mixed seed dressing, the amount of medication used in a single dose, the appropriate increase in seeding amount of 10% to 15%. Seed coating, in addition to pest control, but also have the role of seed fertilizer, the conditions of the region, to increase efforts to promote. (3) To expand appropriate amount of planting area for adequate period. Sowing is a key part of wheat production. In order to ensure that the seedlings of wheat are fully seeded, even and strong, and lay a solid foundation for the rational development of the group and the final high yield, efforts should be made to expand the appropriate amount of planting area for an appropriate period. 1, suitable for sowing. Whether or not the wheat is planted in time is of great significance to the cultivation of pre-winter seedlings and the achievement of high and stable yields. Temperature is the main factor that determines the sowing date of wheat. Under normal circumstances, the daily average temperature of 18 °C ~ 14 °C stable, the best sowing time for wheat in our province. Among them, the winter variety is 18°C～16°C, the mid-winter variety 16°C～14°C, and the pre-winter seedling accumulation temperature is 570°C～650°C. Generally, the appropriate sowing date of wheat in our province should be from October 1 to October. 10th is appropriate. During the suitable sowing period, dry, thin, clay, and winter cultivars may be properly sown early. High-grained, sandy-land, and spring-biased varieties can be planted in due time; the same variety can be planted in low-yield farms and then sown in mid-fields. Finally broadcast high yield fields. 2, appropriate sowing. The suitable sowing amount of wheat depends on the variety, sowing date, and fertility level. For varieties with strong tillering power and high spike-forming rate, sowing should be appropriately reduced. For varieties with weak tillering power and low spike-forming rate, the sowing amount should be increased appropriately. For early sowing of wheat, sowing should be appropriately reduced; for late sowing of wheat, the amount of sowing should be appropriately increased. For high-yield wheat fields, sowing should be appropriately reduced; for low-yield wheat fields, sowing should be appropriately increased. Under suitable sowing conditions, the appropriate basic seedlings for various types of wheat fields are: finely seeded and high-yield wheat fields, 80 to 120,000 per acre of varieties with high spike-forming rate, and appropriately increased seeding rate for varieties with low spike-forming rate; semi-finished sowing and mid-production fields 12 to 150,000 per acre; dry wheat fields 12 to 160,000 per acre; 20 to 300,000 per acre late barley; single wheat fields per acre 40 to 50 million. 3, enough to plant. The suitable soil moisture for wheat emergence is 70%-80% of field water capacity. In areas with insufficient lyrics, it is necessary to make timely achievements, and areas with good water pouring conditions must vigorously popularize the techniques of flooding and compaction after regurgitation. If a locust plague occurs before the fall, it must be drained in time. Do not reduce the quality of sowing because of the schedule. In the appropriate period, we should master the principle of "better but late sowing, but also enough," so that we can plant ourselves fully and ensure that all seedlings are broadcast. China Agricultural Network Editor
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