Although it is easy to raise the mud, but to obtain a high survival rate, there are still points of technical operation, which are introduced as follows: (A) the choice of muddy pond site? 1. The requirement for location is good sunshine, warm and ventilation, and convenient transportation. Adequate water sources, easy drainage, no major sources of pollution in the surrounding areas, free from pesticides or toxic waste water. 2. The adaptability of muddy water sources, non-polluting rivers, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, wells and tap water can all be used to maintain mud. 3. Soil soil has a great influence on the effect of feeding muddy grass. The loach that grows in clay soil has yellow body, lots of fat, soft bones, and beautiful taste. The loach that grows in sandy soil is black, has less fat, and has hard bones and poor taste. Therefore, the soil in the rearing pond is preferably clayy and is neutral or slightly acidic. (II) Loach feeding and management techniques 1. Feeding and fertilizing (1) Types of feeds and fertilizers Animal feeds include cocoons, cockroaches, snails, river clams, small fish and animal organs, and aquatic natural baits, such as water clams, Silkworms, small insects, etc. Silkworm cocoon is the most ideal food for loach. The loach grown with silkworm cocoon has short individual fat, thick flesh, high fat content, soft bone, and high food value. Vegetable feeds include rice bran, wheat bran, bean dregs, bean cake, and other agricultural product processing waste. Fertilizer: As with other fish, the main purpose of fertilization is to cultivate aquatic natural foods. Fertilizers mainly include manure (organic fertilizers) or chemical fertilizers (inorganic fertilizers). Adopting fishery-livestock-agriculture comprehensive management measures to raise loach can be self-sufficient in solving the bait and fertilizer. (2) Feeding Fertilization Method Feeding: Feeding bait and humus into a viscous mass and feeding the bait on a fixed food field. Pay attention to the different requirements of loach on the bait during different growth stages and different water temperatures to adjust the type of bait and the amount of feed. When the water temperature is below 20°C, the plant food accounts for about 60%-70%. Above 20°C, it gradually adjusts to animal feed. The amount of feed should be adjusted along with the change of water temperature. The amount is: in March, the amount of feeding is 1%-2% of the total weight of the loach; in April-June, the amount of feeding is 3%-5% of the total weight of the loach; in the period of July-August, the amount of feeding can be increased to 10% to 15% of the total weight of loach; by September, the amount of bait will gradually decrease to 4% of the total weight of the loach. When the water temperature is higher than 30°C or lower than 10°C, it is necessary to reduce the amount of bait or no longer feed. . When the water temperature is appropriate, it is fed three times a day in the early, middle and late nights to allow the loach to “eat fewer mealsâ€. When the water temperature is low, it is only fed twice a day in the afternoon. The feed can be made into lump or blocky sticky bait and put into the bait station and sink 3 to 5 centimeters away from the bottom of the pool. Avoid feeding a single high-protein meat diet for several days, as this can cause muddy fish to cluster in the pool and cause an abrupt increase in intestinal respiration. As the air inhaled by the intestines cannot be drained out of the body, the loach swarms and floats on the water to cause disease and massive death. Fertilization: composting at the corner of the pool one week before the seedlings are planted. The method is based on 2 kg of livestock manure per square meter, 2 kg of grass, a layer of manure, a layer of grass, and a layer of quick lime. Above is compacted with thin soil. The fermented mash of fertilizer naturally flows into the pool to cultivate leeches, silk worms, etc. Apply compost during the breeding process. According to the food abundance in the body of the water, it is decided that when there is little food creature, compost is applied. 2. Preventing the escape of the rainy season or stormy weather, it is necessary to check the safety of the anti-escape facilities, whether the fence at the inlet and outlet is open, and to prevent the muddy from escaping or running away from the leak during the overflow. 3. Water Management Water feeding muddy, water quality should be fresh, water quality is yellow-green, transparency is 20-25 centimeters. When the water begins to turn brown or dark brown, you must change the water to avoid the lack of oxygen in the night. When the mud is dredged by flowing water, micro-flowing water is the main flow, and the flow rate and flow rate should not be too large. The water flow is too big and too fast to make the bait and fertilizer loss. The most unfavorable one is that the muddy body can consume too much and the weight gain is slow. 4. Prevent predators from clearing the places where the animals are easily lurking around the rearing areas and sprinkle with rodenticides or rodent traps; equipment for driving birds and beasts; and preventing the entry of wild fish, especially carnivorous fish. Inside the pool. 5. Disease prevention and treatment The water used for aquaculture must be strictly disinfected with clear lime pond before stocking the loach seedlings. In the daily aquaculture management, the residual bait on the food table and the dead individuals in the pool are fished out, so that the water quality deteriorates and the disease is transmitted. In the onset season, the amount of lime should be regularly used in the amount of 30-50 grams per square meter. The common diseases and prevention methods of mud loach are as follows: (1) Prevention and control measures for diarrhea caused by microorganisms are to prevent carcass injury when fishing and other operations; before clearing, disinfection and carcass disinfection of clear ponds should be performed. (1) Saprolegnia is easy to infect during hatching and hatching of eggs in low temperature and rainy weather. In the process of pulling on the net or transportation, the body surface of the carcass is extremely vulnerable to infection due to careless operation, and can cause serious death when it is severe. Prevention methods include: Prevention and control of lice eggs, dipping with 1ppm malachite green for 20-30 minutes, continuous use for 2-3 days, or 400mL of salt plus 400ppm baking soda for 1 hour, 0.1% of sickle ponds can be used. - 0.15ppm concentration of malachite green Quanchiposa; with 2% -3% concentration of saline dip 5-10 minutes; can also be used medical iodine or 1% potassium permanganate applied to the lesions . 2Red fin disease (rotation disease) Using 10-50ppm chloramphenicol (or oxytetracycline) solution, dip for 10-15 minutes, dip once a day, dip for 5 days continuously, or dip with 10ppm tetracycline solution Wash for 12 hours. 3 print disease with 1ppm bleaching powder or 2-4ppm Gallic Quanchiposa; or bleaching powder and Sophora Alternaria: 1.5ppm bleach on the first day of bleaching, the next day with 5ppm flavescens solution into the Quanchiposa , alternating for three consecutive times, medication for 6 days; for the diseased phlegm also coated with 2% concentration of stone carbonic acid or bleach directly applied to the affected area. (2) Prevention and treatment of parasite-induced rickets 1 The prevention measures for trichoderma disease are to use quicklime to clear ponds, and dip them with 7-8ppm copper sulfate solution for 15-20 minutes before stocking. Treatment: Use 0.7ppm copper sulphate and ferrous sulphate (5:2) mixture Quanchiposa, or with 30ppm concentration of formaldehyde solution Quanchiposa, or with 0.5-0.7ppm crystal trichlorfon Quanchiposa. The preventive measures for tongue worm disease are to clear the pond with lime, and dip for 8 to 20 minutes with 8ppm copper sulfate solution before stocking. Treatment: After the onset of fish, 0.7ppm copper sulphate and ferrous sulfate (5:2) mixture Quanchiposa. 3 The third generation of worm prevention measures: kill the insects with quick-lime ponds, and soak them with 5% salt solution for 5 to 10 minutes before stocking. Treatment: After onset, use 2-3ppm potassium permanganate, or use 0.5-0.7ppm crystal trichlorfon solution Quanchiposa. (3) Prevention and treatment of other diseases 1 Diseases caused by environment and malnutrition. Qualitative causes of abnormalities in water temperature during hatching, and vitamin supplements due to lack of vitamins in rearing. The control method is to maintain a suitable incubation temperature and add various vitamins to the feed. The cause of air bubbles is caused by changes in water quality, caused by excess nitrogen or other gases in the water. Therefore, when cultivating seedlings, avoid feeding too much or using too much fertilizer, and add more fresh water. 2Biological predators kill snakes, birds, ferocious fish, frogs, water rats, jaundice, crickets, otters, red motherfuckers, etc., and use appropriate methods to drive or kill. 3 Non-biological predators are mainly pesticide poisoning. Especially when raising rice in paddy fields, various pesticides are often used to prevent and control rice pests and diseases. However, in order to give consideration to paddy field cultivation, muddy alfalfa must be selected with low toxicity, high efficiency, low residual pesticides, and highly toxic pesticides. Several chemical pesticides on the lethal concentration of the drug Isoamian pressure agent trichlorfon sodium pentachlorophenolate chlorpyrifos lethal agent parathion (1605) temperature (°C) 23-3011-1814-1814-1818-204-8 Lethal concentration (ppm) 0.01-0.00520-300.62 (24.5 hr lethal concentration) 7.9 (24.5 hr lethal concentration) 5.4 (48.5 hr lethal concentration) 0.002-0.000213-16
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