With the general improvement of people's living standards, the hobby of life is more extensive. Goldfish, known as the "Oriental Holy Fish," is loved by people for its peculiar shape, vivid colors, and elegant swim posture. More and more people like to put on one or two lively and lovely golden fish at home. It can not only decorate the living room, beautify the environment, make people enjoy the beauty, but also play a role in regulating the indoor temperature and humidity. Here is a rough outline of the methods of indoor goldfish feeding and management:
First, water quality There are no special requirements for keeping goldfish. There is plenty of water in the source and the water quality is clean. It is more convenient for families to use goldfish to tap water. However, due to the addition of chemicals such as bleaching powder that are harmful to goldfish during the purification process, chlorine should be removed when the water is changed. The simplest method is to treat the tap water with aeration for more than 24 hours so that the chlorine volatile water can be converted into water. "Water cooked."
Second, the water temperature goldfish is a variable temperature animal, its body temperature changes with the outside temperature changes. Generally, it can survive in water of 0°C to 39°C. However, mutation of water temperature is one of the main causes of illness or death of goldfish. Therefore, when changing the water for goldfish, special attention should be paid to the water temperature, and the temperature difference cannot exceed 3°C.
Special attention should be paid to the goldfish just bought from the fish shop. The plastic bag should be soaked in the water of the fish tank. After standing for 10 to 20 minutes, when the water temperature inside and outside the bag is the same, the fish is gently put into the fish tank. This is so that the goldfish gradually adapt to the new environment.
Third, dissolved oxygen breeding goldfish water requirements dissolved oxygen above 4 mg / liter. The amount of oxygen in the water has a great relationship with the respiration of the fish. If the oxygen content is small, the fish will feel uncomfortable. In severe cases, the floating head may even suffocate. The best aquarium tank can be equipped with an aerator or a filter pump. This will not only promote the appetite of the goldfish, but also keep the water fresh and prevent the water from being corrupted, which will increase the health of the goldfish, reduce the occurrence of fish diseases, and accelerate the growth and development.
Fourth, stocking density Family fish tanks to keep the density of goldfish should be based on the size of the goldfish, goldfish species, fish size and seasonal temperature and other conditions to be flexible to master, the principle is rather not blind. The fish that are raised like this are physically strong and graceful. If it is too dense, it will float head, lack of oxygen, and even cause illness or death. Generally speaking, in a 60 cm long, 30 cm wide and 35 cm high aquarium, 5 to 6 fish of 2 years of age can be stocked. If an aerator or a filter pump is installed in the aquarium, the stocking density can be increased by 1 to 2 times.
Fifth, change the water family to keep goldfish water is generally not large, water quality and water environment and easy to change. In the hot summer and autumn seasons, the sewage should be discharged once a day, and the water should be changed partially. Each time the water volume is changed from 1/3 to 1/4 of the water body, the water should be changed every 3 to 4 days, and the fish tank should be washed and disinfected.
Six, feeding goldfish for omnivorous fish, like eating leeches, leeches and other live baits. However, the source of live baits is limited, and some can't be bought at all. Therefore, they are generally replaced by dried fish and insects, and if they have artificial diets with complete nutrients, they can also be fed. Because goldfish are more gluttonous, you can only eat eight or ninety percent when you feed. Feeding live baits is 10 to 15 minutes after eating, and dry fish and compound feeds will take 20 to 30 minutes to finish. When the water temperature is above 20°C, it is fed 1 to 2 times a day, and it is fed only once a day at less than 19°C. Fish manure was green, brown or black, indicating that the goldfish had a moderate feeding and good digestion and absorption. When the fish manure was white or yellow, it indicated that the fish were overfeeding and could not feed again.
Seven, fish disease prevention and treatment of fish disease should adopt the principle of "disease-free prevention, disease early treatment". Each time the goldfish tank is completely changed, the goldfish is immersed in potassium permanganate (10 to 20 ml/l) and salt water (1 to 3%). The time of bath wash changes depending on the size and health of the fish. Generally not more than 10 minutes, so that it can achieve the purpose of insecticide, sterilization and anti-inflammatory. Usually in the goldfish tank discretion to put traces of salt (the ratio of 1/5000 or 1/10000), which has a greater role in controlling and reducing the incidence of fish diseases, especially for watery mildew and Myxococcus control efficacy is more significant.
VIII. Breeding (1) Identification of broodstock Male broodstock is thin and long, with narrow, long, sharp pectoral fins, a hard touch on the abdomen, small, narrow and long vents, sharp ends, and slight swelling in the middle, which is in line with the body surface. Or slightly concave, breeding season, swimming and lively, often actively chasing other goldfish, and in the first ray of the pelvic fins and lid covered with Milky Starchaser, rubbed the scales near the anus of the goldfish, can squeeze white semen. Female broodstock is short and thick, pectoral fins are wide, round, posterior abdomen inflated, soft, excretory hole is slightly larger and round, pear-shaped, pear handle end forward, slightly protruding outward, touching the abdomen feel softer, reproduction In the season, swimming is slow, there is no starchaser, and the abdomen is abnormally enlarged.
(B) Selection and Cultivation of Broodstock
1, the selection criteria: broodstock to be physically strong, balanced swim, bright colors, species characteristics, genetic stability.
2, the broodstock age: Goldfish age to 2 to 4 years old is good, this age of goldfish, physical fitness, full gonads, large egg production, strong reproductive performance.
3, male and female ratio: the number of males to males and less, generally 3 male fish with 2 female fish or 2 male fish with a female fish is better.
4. Breeding of broodstock: The quality of broodstock feeding directly affects the success or failure of goldfish breeding and offspring quality. Therefore, at the critical moment before the goldfish reproduction, in addition to maintaining clean water quality, high dissolved oxygen in the water, pH value between 7.5 to 8, we must promptly supply enough paella for live broodstock, quickly change the broodstock constitution, so that the gonads full of gonads Mature and complete all physiological preparations for their egg hatching.
(III) Preparation for Spawning
1. Spawning and hatching pool preparation: The spawning pool requires a smooth and smooth pool wall with an area of ​​several square meters to ten or more square meters. The number of spawning and hatching pools depends on the number of fish species, but several more should be prepared. And to use potassium permanganate or brine disinfection fish ponds, spawning, hatching pool, respectively, about 30cm of new water reserve.
2, the preparation of new (v) water: Goldfish spawning, the higher the water quality and dissolved oxygen requirements. At the same time, the stimulation of new (V) water is very helpful in promoting the estrus estrus spawning. Moreover, there is a large amount of water used at this stage. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare more fresh water for use when changing the water. We must not use raw water casually because there is no new water.
3, the preparation of artificial fish nest: goldfish egg is attached to the egg, the egg produced by a very strong sticky into the water, you can adhere to any object, use a soft water to make it a fish nest, so fertilized After the eggs adhere to the aquatic grass, so that the goldfish hatch. The materials for making fish nests include: goldfish, myriophyllum, black algae, willow root, brown silk and hemp.
(d) Goldfish spawning occurs around April of each year, and goldfish begin to lay eggs. When breeding, the male to female ratio should be kept in the spawning pond in a ratio of 2:3, 1:2, or 1:1. The water temperature should be the same as that of the broodstock pond, and the cold and heat insulation should be taken care of to prevent the brooding fish from suffering from “coldâ€. Difficulty. Close to the spawning period, fish nests should be placed in the spawning pool in time. The specific method is: Wash aquatic plants, disinfect with potassium permanganate, and then cut it into small pieces of about 30cm long, dozens of bundles for one bundle tied with rope, suspended in spawning pool water layer, generally two in the pool Hang on each side of the beam.
The suitable water temperature for goldfish spawning is between 15°C and 25°C. The climax of spawning of goldfish is usually between 4 a.m. and 10 a.m. in the morning. After the eggs are commonly laid on the surface of the fish nest, the fish nests should be promptly removed from the spawning pond and incubated in the hatching pond to prevent the broodstock from repeatedly spawning on the nests, resulting in overlapping eggs and reducing the hatching rate or causing injury. Eggs and fish devour and cause losses.
During the breeding period of about two months, goldfish can spawn 2 to 3 times, and the interval is generally 8 to 12 days. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly judge the time when the goldfish lays their eggs, and the male and female broodstock will be rested and rested in time. In general, if females are found to have lazy or long-term submerged after laying eggs, males may stop chasing females and they may feed each other, or if the spawning pool has returned to calm, it may be regarded as the first batch. When the egg is over, the male and female brood fish can be fished and placed in different pools for careful feeding.
(five) management of post-partum broodstock broodstock after the end of spawning, timely transfer of male and female broodstock into the old pool with the same temperature as the old water feeding tank, carefully feeding. In particular, some rare species of broodstock, do not polyculture after spawning, this is due to the broodstock during the spawning process, often chasing the resulting fish surface damage. At the same time, the broodstock that has just produced eggs is also weak, so pay special attention to the fish and do not hurt.
If you find injured broodstock, apply the antibiotic immediately to the wound. When feeding, a small amount of salt (1/5000) can be placed in the egg-laying brooding pond, and the changes in their activities, appetite and health should be carefully observed, and some good palatability food should be fed. After the physical condition is completely restored, feed it again according to the standard and perform normal management.
(VI) Incubation and Management Fish nests that have been filled with fish eggs should be removed from the spawning tank and transferred to the prepared hatchery in time. When moving in, attention should be paid to the fact that the water temperature in the hatching pool should be basically the same as the water temperature in the spawning pool. Place the fish nest in a new water of equal water temperature and dip it. Generally 1 to 2 meters of the pool can put fish nests 5 to 6, not too dense, because hatched fry to live in the pool for 20 to 30 days.
The length of incubation of goldfish eggs varies with the temperature of the water. Therefore, the temperature of the fish hatching pool should be well controlled. In general, it takes 3 to 7 days from the eggs to the hatched larvae. If the water temperature is 15 to 20°C, the number of days for hatching is 5 to 7 days. When the average water temperature is 20°C, fish can be hatched in 4 to 5 days. When the water temperature is 20 to 25°C, it takes only 2 to 3 days. Yes. Practice has proved that if the water temperature is too variable and the water temperature is too high, even if it can hatch larvae, the authenticity rate will be affected. The larvae that have a water temperature of 17 to 18°C ​​will develop the best and the physique will be the most robust.
The water in the hatchery should be fresh and clean, and old green water should not be used. The main reason is that the water quality is not stable enough, and at the same time, there must be enough dissolved oxygen and the pH should be kept at about 7.5. During the hatching process, especially after 2 to 3 days, the fish eggs must not be tampered with, so as not only to affect the hatching rate but also to increase the abnormal fry.
First, water quality There are no special requirements for keeping goldfish. There is plenty of water in the source and the water quality is clean. It is more convenient for families to use goldfish to tap water. However, due to the addition of chemicals such as bleaching powder that are harmful to goldfish during the purification process, chlorine should be removed when the water is changed. The simplest method is to treat the tap water with aeration for more than 24 hours so that the chlorine volatile water can be converted into water. "Water cooked."
Second, the water temperature goldfish is a variable temperature animal, its body temperature changes with the outside temperature changes. Generally, it can survive in water of 0°C to 39°C. However, mutation of water temperature is one of the main causes of illness or death of goldfish. Therefore, when changing the water for goldfish, special attention should be paid to the water temperature, and the temperature difference cannot exceed 3°C.
Special attention should be paid to the goldfish just bought from the fish shop. The plastic bag should be soaked in the water of the fish tank. After standing for 10 to 20 minutes, when the water temperature inside and outside the bag is the same, the fish is gently put into the fish tank. This is so that the goldfish gradually adapt to the new environment.
Third, dissolved oxygen breeding goldfish water requirements dissolved oxygen above 4 mg / liter. The amount of oxygen in the water has a great relationship with the respiration of the fish. If the oxygen content is small, the fish will feel uncomfortable. In severe cases, the floating head may even suffocate. The best aquarium tank can be equipped with an aerator or a filter pump. This will not only promote the appetite of the goldfish, but also keep the water fresh and prevent the water from being corrupted, which will increase the health of the goldfish, reduce the occurrence of fish diseases, and accelerate the growth and development.
Fourth, stocking density Family fish tanks to keep the density of goldfish should be based on the size of the goldfish, goldfish species, fish size and seasonal temperature and other conditions to be flexible to master, the principle is rather not blind. The fish that are raised like this are physically strong and graceful. If it is too dense, it will float head, lack of oxygen, and even cause illness or death. Generally speaking, in a 60 cm long, 30 cm wide and 35 cm high aquarium, 5 to 6 fish of 2 years of age can be stocked. If an aerator or a filter pump is installed in the aquarium, the stocking density can be increased by 1 to 2 times.
Fifth, change the water family to keep goldfish water is generally not large, water quality and water environment and easy to change. In the hot summer and autumn seasons, the sewage should be discharged once a day, and the water should be changed partially. Each time the water volume is changed from 1/3 to 1/4 of the water body, the water should be changed every 3 to 4 days, and the fish tank should be washed and disinfected.
Six, feeding goldfish for omnivorous fish, like eating leeches, leeches and other live baits. However, the source of live baits is limited, and some can't be bought at all. Therefore, they are generally replaced by dried fish and insects, and if they have artificial diets with complete nutrients, they can also be fed. Because goldfish are more gluttonous, you can only eat eight or ninety percent when you feed. Feeding live baits is 10 to 15 minutes after eating, and dry fish and compound feeds will take 20 to 30 minutes to finish. When the water temperature is above 20°C, it is fed 1 to 2 times a day, and it is fed only once a day at less than 19°C. Fish manure was green, brown or black, indicating that the goldfish had a moderate feeding and good digestion and absorption. When the fish manure was white or yellow, it indicated that the fish were overfeeding and could not feed again.
Seven, fish disease prevention and treatment of fish disease should adopt the principle of "disease-free prevention, disease early treatment". Each time the goldfish tank is completely changed, the goldfish is immersed in potassium permanganate (10 to 20 ml/l) and salt water (1 to 3%). The time of bath wash changes depending on the size and health of the fish. Generally not more than 10 minutes, so that it can achieve the purpose of insecticide, sterilization and anti-inflammatory. Usually in the goldfish tank discretion to put traces of salt (the ratio of 1/5000 or 1/10000), which has a greater role in controlling and reducing the incidence of fish diseases, especially for watery mildew and Myxococcus control efficacy is more significant.
VIII. Breeding (1) Identification of broodstock Male broodstock is thin and long, with narrow, long, sharp pectoral fins, a hard touch on the abdomen, small, narrow and long vents, sharp ends, and slight swelling in the middle, which is in line with the body surface. Or slightly concave, breeding season, swimming and lively, often actively chasing other goldfish, and in the first ray of the pelvic fins and lid covered with Milky Starchaser, rubbed the scales near the anus of the goldfish, can squeeze white semen. Female broodstock is short and thick, pectoral fins are wide, round, posterior abdomen inflated, soft, excretory hole is slightly larger and round, pear-shaped, pear handle end forward, slightly protruding outward, touching the abdomen feel softer, reproduction In the season, swimming is slow, there is no starchaser, and the abdomen is abnormally enlarged.
(B) Selection and Cultivation of Broodstock
1, the selection criteria: broodstock to be physically strong, balanced swim, bright colors, species characteristics, genetic stability.
2, the broodstock age: Goldfish age to 2 to 4 years old is good, this age of goldfish, physical fitness, full gonads, large egg production, strong reproductive performance.
3, male and female ratio: the number of males to males and less, generally 3 male fish with 2 female fish or 2 male fish with a female fish is better.
4. Breeding of broodstock: The quality of broodstock feeding directly affects the success or failure of goldfish breeding and offspring quality. Therefore, at the critical moment before the goldfish reproduction, in addition to maintaining clean water quality, high dissolved oxygen in the water, pH value between 7.5 to 8, we must promptly supply enough paella for live broodstock, quickly change the broodstock constitution, so that the gonads full of gonads Mature and complete all physiological preparations for their egg hatching.
(III) Preparation for Spawning
1. Spawning and hatching pool preparation: The spawning pool requires a smooth and smooth pool wall with an area of ​​several square meters to ten or more square meters. The number of spawning and hatching pools depends on the number of fish species, but several more should be prepared. And to use potassium permanganate or brine disinfection fish ponds, spawning, hatching pool, respectively, about 30cm of new water reserve.
2, the preparation of new (v) water: Goldfish spawning, the higher the water quality and dissolved oxygen requirements. At the same time, the stimulation of new (V) water is very helpful in promoting the estrus estrus spawning. Moreover, there is a large amount of water used at this stage. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare more fresh water for use when changing the water. We must not use raw water casually because there is no new water.
3, the preparation of artificial fish nest: goldfish egg is attached to the egg, the egg produced by a very strong sticky into the water, you can adhere to any object, use a soft water to make it a fish nest, so fertilized After the eggs adhere to the aquatic grass, so that the goldfish hatch. The materials for making fish nests include: goldfish, myriophyllum, black algae, willow root, brown silk and hemp.
(d) Goldfish spawning occurs around April of each year, and goldfish begin to lay eggs. When breeding, the male to female ratio should be kept in the spawning pond in a ratio of 2:3, 1:2, or 1:1. The water temperature should be the same as that of the broodstock pond, and the cold and heat insulation should be taken care of to prevent the brooding fish from suffering from “coldâ€. Difficulty. Close to the spawning period, fish nests should be placed in the spawning pool in time. The specific method is: Wash aquatic plants, disinfect with potassium permanganate, and then cut it into small pieces of about 30cm long, dozens of bundles for one bundle tied with rope, suspended in spawning pool water layer, generally two in the pool Hang on each side of the beam.
The suitable water temperature for goldfish spawning is between 15°C and 25°C. The climax of spawning of goldfish is usually between 4 a.m. and 10 a.m. in the morning. After the eggs are commonly laid on the surface of the fish nest, the fish nests should be promptly removed from the spawning pond and incubated in the hatching pond to prevent the broodstock from repeatedly spawning on the nests, resulting in overlapping eggs and reducing the hatching rate or causing injury. Eggs and fish devour and cause losses.
During the breeding period of about two months, goldfish can spawn 2 to 3 times, and the interval is generally 8 to 12 days. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly judge the time when the goldfish lays their eggs, and the male and female broodstock will be rested and rested in time. In general, if females are found to have lazy or long-term submerged after laying eggs, males may stop chasing females and they may feed each other, or if the spawning pool has returned to calm, it may be regarded as the first batch. When the egg is over, the male and female brood fish can be fished and placed in different pools for careful feeding.
(five) management of post-partum broodstock broodstock after the end of spawning, timely transfer of male and female broodstock into the old pool with the same temperature as the old water feeding tank, carefully feeding. In particular, some rare species of broodstock, do not polyculture after spawning, this is due to the broodstock during the spawning process, often chasing the resulting fish surface damage. At the same time, the broodstock that has just produced eggs is also weak, so pay special attention to the fish and do not hurt.
If you find injured broodstock, apply the antibiotic immediately to the wound. When feeding, a small amount of salt (1/5000) can be placed in the egg-laying brooding pond, and the changes in their activities, appetite and health should be carefully observed, and some good palatability food should be fed. After the physical condition is completely restored, feed it again according to the standard and perform normal management.
(VI) Incubation and Management Fish nests that have been filled with fish eggs should be removed from the spawning tank and transferred to the prepared hatchery in time. When moving in, attention should be paid to the fact that the water temperature in the hatching pool should be basically the same as the water temperature in the spawning pool. Place the fish nest in a new water of equal water temperature and dip it. Generally 1 to 2 meters of the pool can put fish nests 5 to 6, not too dense, because hatched fry to live in the pool for 20 to 30 days.
The length of incubation of goldfish eggs varies with the temperature of the water. Therefore, the temperature of the fish hatching pool should be well controlled. In general, it takes 3 to 7 days from the eggs to the hatched larvae. If the water temperature is 15 to 20°C, the number of days for hatching is 5 to 7 days. When the average water temperature is 20°C, fish can be hatched in 4 to 5 days. When the water temperature is 20 to 25°C, it takes only 2 to 3 days. Yes. Practice has proved that if the water temperature is too variable and the water temperature is too high, even if it can hatch larvae, the authenticity rate will be affected. The larvae that have a water temperature of 17 to 18°C ​​will develop the best and the physique will be the most robust.
The water in the hatchery should be fresh and clean, and old green water should not be used. The main reason is that the water quality is not stable enough, and at the same time, there must be enough dissolved oxygen and the pH should be kept at about 7.5. During the hatching process, especially after 2 to 3 days, the fish eggs must not be tampered with, so as not only to affect the hatching rate but also to increase the abnormal fry.
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