The sphenopalatophora, commonly known as the blue plate and sand mudfish, belongs to the genus Polygonidae, subfamilies, and genus Sphenomorpha. It is a medium-lower type of economic fish widely distributed in rivers, reservoirs, and lakes. Common individuals 400-500g, the largest individual up to 1500g. With less bone spurs, the flesh is hypertrophic and delicious, and it is popular with consumers.
First, biological characteristics
1, morphological characteristics of fine scales The jaws are small and conical. The lower jaw is curved and the keratin edge of the lower jaw is more developed. Body side flat, slightly rounded abdomen, from the anus to the pelvic fin base has a distinct ventral edge. The scales are small and closely packed. The fish's back is grayish black, its abdomen is pale, its dorsal fins are light gray, its caudal fins are orange, and its other fins are light yellow.
2. Habits of life scales The sphenopalatophynchoroides often live in the middle and lower layers of rivers, reservoirs, lakes and other waters, and have habits of cluster feeding and activities. In natural waters, algae and organic debris are scraped on the bottom with its well-developed mandibular keratin edge. Under artificial breeding conditions, polyculture with other fish, no food contradiction, and can clean food bait, purify water.
3. Breeding habits Under natural conditions, the sexual maturity age of the larvae is 2 years of age, and the initial sexual maturation of the broodstock is generally 400-500g. For the same age fish, males are slightly smaller than females. The squama jaw eggs are viscous eggs, but they are slightly weaker than those of salmon eggs. In the Yangtze River basin, in late April or early May, when the water temperature is above 18°C, egg production begins and it takes about 2 months. Spawning spawning is not a fixed spawning ground. It is generally free to produce, floats with the water, and adheres to objects that can adhere to it to complete the embryonic development and hatch fry.
Second, artificial breeding
1. The broodstock selects the larvae of the scales and asks for broodstock up to 2 years of age, and the body weight is better than 500g. The body is robust and disease-free. In the reproductive season, the second sexual characteristics of the broodstock are more obvious: the male head, pectoral fins, and scales all have sacred stars, and their handles are rough. The abdomen has milky white seminal fluid flowing out from the abdomen; the female body has a smooth surface, a full abdomen, and a clear outline of the ovaries.
2. The bred broodstock breeding is the basis of artificial breeding, and its good or bad breeding directly affects the gonad development, the rate of inoculation and the fertilization rate of the broodstock. The larval rearing of broodstocks can be monocultured or polycultured, but in actual production, polyculture is used. Each year after birth, the broodstock is released into the “Four Homes Fish†breeding ground, with no more than 20 rearings per 667 square meters. In March, concentrated intensive cultivation was started. The main feed was soybean cake, bran, and other concentrates, and attention was paid to frequent refills. New water to increase dissolved oxygen and stimulate gonad development in gonads.
3. Artificial Induction Each year from late April to early May, when the water temperature is stable above 18°C, artificial ovulation is started. Females are injected with LRH-A27mg + GH2mg/kg, and males are halved. Two milliliters of broodstock per kilogram were injected into the chest cavity. After injecting oxytocin, the broodstock is placed into the spawning pool at a ratio of 1:2 for females and males, allowing them to naturally fertilize and spawn. In 20 °C water temperature conditions, l0-12 hours up to the effect time, 20 °C a 23 °C water temperature 9 hours that spawning, 23 °C a 25 °C water temperature, then only 7-8 hours can spawn. Once the broodstock estrus is found to spawn, 1kg of yellow muddy water (10kg water, 10kg yellow mud) is spattered per cubic meter of water to detach itself. After 20-30 minutes, new water and drainage are continuously added to collect fertilized eggs. When the broodstock estrus is found, the net is immediately used for artificial insemination and de-bonding. The method is to squeeze the eggs into the basin at the same time and continue to mix well, then gradually pour the fertilized eggs into the thick mud water, and then gently Stir and rinse with water after 1-2 minutes. The deferred fertilized eggs can be transferred into the hatching tank or loop water to hatch.
4. Artificially incubate 700,000-800,000 grains of fertilized eggs per cubic meter of water. Water is stopped before the start of incubation. Water is bathed in 10 g of malachite green solution per cubic meter of water for 8-10 minutes to prevent water mildew. Then open the inlet valve and run the water hatch. Because the egg diameter of the fertilized eggs of the scales is smaller, and the artificial eggs are de-viscous, the egg surface is accompanied by sediment and the egg has a large proportion. For this reason, the water velocity at the time of hatching is required to be large to see the fertilized eggs. It is advisable to turn up and down with the water flow. The hatching water must be filtered through the screens to prevent biological predators and other impurities from entering. The suitable water temperature for fertilized egg hatching is 20-30°C. The water temperature is higher than 3O°C. Although the fry can be hatched, it is mostly deformed. When the water temperature is lower than 15°C, the embryo develops to the primitive gut and the side stops. Under the condition of 22°C-23°C water temperature, the fertilized eggs hatched after 40 hours of hatching, but the stripping duration was longer, generally about 2-3 days to fully remove the film. Freshly hatched juveniles are smaller, tenderer, and less swimmer than domestic fish, and can only float up and down with the water. As the post-embryonic development progresses, when the juvenile fishes are paralyzed and can swim flatly, the water flow rate needs to be reduced at this time to reduce the juvenile's physical exertion. Film out 3-4 days. When the guts and throats of the juveniles are connected, and they actively open their mouths to the outside world, fry can be cultivated in the pond.
Third, the fingerlings of fry fingerlings are cultivated. The method of breeding fry shark's fingerlings is basically the same as the method of raising fry, grass, centipede, and clams. The following three points need to be noted:
1. Stocking density: The growth rate and survival rate of fingerlings are closely related to the stocking density, the stocking density is too thin, the fry grows fast, and the survival rate is high, but the water is wasted and the efficiency is poor. Overstocking is bound to affect the growth and survival of fingerlings. After many years of trial and maintenance, it was considered that it is appropriate to store 180,000 to 200,000 tails per 667 square meters of water. When the fry body is up to 3cm, it is dilute to 80,110,000 tails per 667 square meters. Later, as the fish grows, the density should be gradually reduced.
2. Cultivation methods: Conventional fry fingerlings are mostly cultivated in “fat water†ponds, and the methods for rearing fingerlings of small-scale shark's fingerlings are slightly different. Because the larynx larvae are smaller than those of the same age, they can only eat rotifers and planktonic algae when they start feeding. Therefore, before the fry go down, the base fertilizer cannot be applied too early and too much. There are too many large algae and it is unfavorable for feeding. The color of water is better. In actual production, 300-400kg of grass or 200-300kg of manure is applied every 667m2 of the fish in front of the lower pond. After 3-4 days of breeding, when the rotifer and plankton reproduce at the peak, the fry go down the pool. Every 50,000 fish fry were fed with 1 cooked egg yolk when it was released, so as to eat it. From the second day, the soybean milk was fed and the soybean milk was grinded with 2-3 kg of soybeans every 667 square meters of water and fed 23 times. As the individual fry grows and the food intake increases, the amount of feeding should be appropriately increased. When the fish body up to 3cm or more, can be fed artificial diet such as rice bran, bran.
3. Feeding and management: The rearing and management of fry fingerlings should mainly be done as follows: (1) Strengthen water quality management. At least one new water should be added every 2-3 days. It is best to constantly maintain micro-flowing water to make pond water quality “live coolâ€. 2 Timely rearing, the fry are cultivated for 20-30 days, and the body length can reach 3cm or more. At this time, the scales of the fish have been long, and the nets should be trained in time and dilute and kept in thinning. However, in the process of pulling the net, special care must be taken to prevent the fish from being hurt. For fish species with a body length of 3-4cm, 50,000-60,000 can be stocked per 667 square meters; when the body is longer than 5cm, 3-40000 fishes are stocked per 667 square meters. In short, with the growth of fish, it is necessary to gradually dilute stocking density in order to facilitate the rapid growth of fish species and improve the survival rate. (3) Pay attention to disease prevention and control. The main diseases of the fingerlings of the larynx species are parasites, such as trichomonads, fish gills, and crabhead crabs. The prevention and control method is: regular use of crystal trichlorfon splashing, so that the pool water concentration of 0.3g / cubic meter, spilled once the next day, you can control.
Fourth, adult fish breeding
1. Polyculture of ponds: In adult fish ponds such as squid, squid, and grass carp, 150-200 tails of scallops with a length of 8-10 cm in length per 667 m2, without adding feed and fertilizer Under the circumstances, the scales can use the rotted plants and debris in the pool to make full use of the fish and not increase the fish production 40-50kg/667 square meters.
2. Proliferation of large water surface: The sphenopalatophynx is characterized by omnivorous feeding habits, strong adaptability, and rapid reproduction. It has been transplanted in shallow lakes or reservoirs rich in humus, and has been transplanted with larval squid, fingerlings or broodstock, and resource protection has been enhanced. 2-3 years can form natural populations. The highest output can reach 8kg/667 square meters, and can benefit for a long time. This has successful experiences in Hunan, Hubei, and Jiangxi provinces.
First, biological characteristics
1, morphological characteristics of fine scales The jaws are small and conical. The lower jaw is curved and the keratin edge of the lower jaw is more developed. Body side flat, slightly rounded abdomen, from the anus to the pelvic fin base has a distinct ventral edge. The scales are small and closely packed. The fish's back is grayish black, its abdomen is pale, its dorsal fins are light gray, its caudal fins are orange, and its other fins are light yellow.
2. Habits of life scales The sphenopalatophynchoroides often live in the middle and lower layers of rivers, reservoirs, lakes and other waters, and have habits of cluster feeding and activities. In natural waters, algae and organic debris are scraped on the bottom with its well-developed mandibular keratin edge. Under artificial breeding conditions, polyculture with other fish, no food contradiction, and can clean food bait, purify water.
3. Breeding habits Under natural conditions, the sexual maturity age of the larvae is 2 years of age, and the initial sexual maturation of the broodstock is generally 400-500g. For the same age fish, males are slightly smaller than females. The squama jaw eggs are viscous eggs, but they are slightly weaker than those of salmon eggs. In the Yangtze River basin, in late April or early May, when the water temperature is above 18°C, egg production begins and it takes about 2 months. Spawning spawning is not a fixed spawning ground. It is generally free to produce, floats with the water, and adheres to objects that can adhere to it to complete the embryonic development and hatch fry.
Second, artificial breeding
1. The broodstock selects the larvae of the scales and asks for broodstock up to 2 years of age, and the body weight is better than 500g. The body is robust and disease-free. In the reproductive season, the second sexual characteristics of the broodstock are more obvious: the male head, pectoral fins, and scales all have sacred stars, and their handles are rough. The abdomen has milky white seminal fluid flowing out from the abdomen; the female body has a smooth surface, a full abdomen, and a clear outline of the ovaries.
2. The bred broodstock breeding is the basis of artificial breeding, and its good or bad breeding directly affects the gonad development, the rate of inoculation and the fertilization rate of the broodstock. The larval rearing of broodstocks can be monocultured or polycultured, but in actual production, polyculture is used. Each year after birth, the broodstock is released into the “Four Homes Fish†breeding ground, with no more than 20 rearings per 667 square meters. In March, concentrated intensive cultivation was started. The main feed was soybean cake, bran, and other concentrates, and attention was paid to frequent refills. New water to increase dissolved oxygen and stimulate gonad development in gonads.
3. Artificial Induction Each year from late April to early May, when the water temperature is stable above 18°C, artificial ovulation is started. Females are injected with LRH-A27mg + GH2mg/kg, and males are halved. Two milliliters of broodstock per kilogram were injected into the chest cavity. After injecting oxytocin, the broodstock is placed into the spawning pool at a ratio of 1:2 for females and males, allowing them to naturally fertilize and spawn. In 20 °C water temperature conditions, l0-12 hours up to the effect time, 20 °C a 23 °C water temperature 9 hours that spawning, 23 °C a 25 °C water temperature, then only 7-8 hours can spawn. Once the broodstock estrus is found to spawn, 1kg of yellow muddy water (10kg water, 10kg yellow mud) is spattered per cubic meter of water to detach itself. After 20-30 minutes, new water and drainage are continuously added to collect fertilized eggs. When the broodstock estrus is found, the net is immediately used for artificial insemination and de-bonding. The method is to squeeze the eggs into the basin at the same time and continue to mix well, then gradually pour the fertilized eggs into the thick mud water, and then gently Stir and rinse with water after 1-2 minutes. The deferred fertilized eggs can be transferred into the hatching tank or loop water to hatch.
4. Artificially incubate 700,000-800,000 grains of fertilized eggs per cubic meter of water. Water is stopped before the start of incubation. Water is bathed in 10 g of malachite green solution per cubic meter of water for 8-10 minutes to prevent water mildew. Then open the inlet valve and run the water hatch. Because the egg diameter of the fertilized eggs of the scales is smaller, and the artificial eggs are de-viscous, the egg surface is accompanied by sediment and the egg has a large proportion. For this reason, the water velocity at the time of hatching is required to be large to see the fertilized eggs. It is advisable to turn up and down with the water flow. The hatching water must be filtered through the screens to prevent biological predators and other impurities from entering. The suitable water temperature for fertilized egg hatching is 20-30°C. The water temperature is higher than 3O°C. Although the fry can be hatched, it is mostly deformed. When the water temperature is lower than 15°C, the embryo develops to the primitive gut and the side stops. Under the condition of 22°C-23°C water temperature, the fertilized eggs hatched after 40 hours of hatching, but the stripping duration was longer, generally about 2-3 days to fully remove the film. Freshly hatched juveniles are smaller, tenderer, and less swimmer than domestic fish, and can only float up and down with the water. As the post-embryonic development progresses, when the juvenile fishes are paralyzed and can swim flatly, the water flow rate needs to be reduced at this time to reduce the juvenile's physical exertion. Film out 3-4 days. When the guts and throats of the juveniles are connected, and they actively open their mouths to the outside world, fry can be cultivated in the pond.
Third, the fingerlings of fry fingerlings are cultivated. The method of breeding fry shark's fingerlings is basically the same as the method of raising fry, grass, centipede, and clams. The following three points need to be noted:
1. Stocking density: The growth rate and survival rate of fingerlings are closely related to the stocking density, the stocking density is too thin, the fry grows fast, and the survival rate is high, but the water is wasted and the efficiency is poor. Overstocking is bound to affect the growth and survival of fingerlings. After many years of trial and maintenance, it was considered that it is appropriate to store 180,000 to 200,000 tails per 667 square meters of water. When the fry body is up to 3cm, it is dilute to 80,110,000 tails per 667 square meters. Later, as the fish grows, the density should be gradually reduced.
2. Cultivation methods: Conventional fry fingerlings are mostly cultivated in “fat water†ponds, and the methods for rearing fingerlings of small-scale shark's fingerlings are slightly different. Because the larynx larvae are smaller than those of the same age, they can only eat rotifers and planktonic algae when they start feeding. Therefore, before the fry go down, the base fertilizer cannot be applied too early and too much. There are too many large algae and it is unfavorable for feeding. The color of water is better. In actual production, 300-400kg of grass or 200-300kg of manure is applied every 667m2 of the fish in front of the lower pond. After 3-4 days of breeding, when the rotifer and plankton reproduce at the peak, the fry go down the pool. Every 50,000 fish fry were fed with 1 cooked egg yolk when it was released, so as to eat it. From the second day, the soybean milk was fed and the soybean milk was grinded with 2-3 kg of soybeans every 667 square meters of water and fed 23 times. As the individual fry grows and the food intake increases, the amount of feeding should be appropriately increased. When the fish body up to 3cm or more, can be fed artificial diet such as rice bran, bran.
3. Feeding and management: The rearing and management of fry fingerlings should mainly be done as follows: (1) Strengthen water quality management. At least one new water should be added every 2-3 days. It is best to constantly maintain micro-flowing water to make pond water quality “live coolâ€. 2 Timely rearing, the fry are cultivated for 20-30 days, and the body length can reach 3cm or more. At this time, the scales of the fish have been long, and the nets should be trained in time and dilute and kept in thinning. However, in the process of pulling the net, special care must be taken to prevent the fish from being hurt. For fish species with a body length of 3-4cm, 50,000-60,000 can be stocked per 667 square meters; when the body is longer than 5cm, 3-40000 fishes are stocked per 667 square meters. In short, with the growth of fish, it is necessary to gradually dilute stocking density in order to facilitate the rapid growth of fish species and improve the survival rate. (3) Pay attention to disease prevention and control. The main diseases of the fingerlings of the larynx species are parasites, such as trichomonads, fish gills, and crabhead crabs. The prevention and control method is: regular use of crystal trichlorfon splashing, so that the pool water concentration of 0.3g / cubic meter, spilled once the next day, you can control.
Fourth, adult fish breeding
1. Polyculture of ponds: In adult fish ponds such as squid, squid, and grass carp, 150-200 tails of scallops with a length of 8-10 cm in length per 667 m2, without adding feed and fertilizer Under the circumstances, the scales can use the rotted plants and debris in the pool to make full use of the fish and not increase the fish production 40-50kg/667 square meters.
2. Proliferation of large water surface: The sphenopalatophynx is characterized by omnivorous feeding habits, strong adaptability, and rapid reproduction. It has been transplanted in shallow lakes or reservoirs rich in humus, and has been transplanted with larval squid, fingerlings or broodstock, and resource protection has been enhanced. 2-3 years can form natural populations. The highest output can reach 8kg/667 square meters, and can benefit for a long time. This has successful experiences in Hunan, Hubei, and Jiangxi provinces.
All these Medical Air Mattress will be with a toilet device. It's the best anti decubitus mattress for the incontinence and long term bedridden patients. Medical Air Mattresses are designed to assist in the treatment, management, and/or prevention of pressure ulcers. They are typically used with Hospital Beds and provide different therapies to those at-risk for pressure sores. For individuals who are confined to the bed for an extended period of time, an air mattress can provide a great deal of comfort and assist in circulation. These support surfaces will work to keep skin cool and dry and the alternating air means that one area never receives too much weight bearing pressure. All of these Air Mattresses come with specially designed covers that are water resistant, reduce friction, sheer, and skin maceration. These have the effect of appearing slippery.
Product description
The device comes with all the necesary features for efficient decubitus prevention. It consists of
fewseparate elements. No tools are required for assembly. Devices are supplied in carton boxes,
detached in to few elements for easier transportation:
The contents are:
1 Pump
1 Mattress Pad
Anti-Decubitus Mattress With Toilet
Anti-Decubitus Mattress With Toilet,Medical Air Bubble Mattress,Medical Mattress With Toilet,Medical Air Pump Mattress
Shijiazhuang Laien Medical Devices Co., Ltd , http://www.laien-healthcare.com