First, timely frozen water
Immediately before the soil is frozen, the fruit trees are poured with frozen water once, poured into the foot, and the foot soles are made to fully meet the water demand of the tree body. This watering is very important. After the tree has fully absorbed and stored a large amount of water, it can effectively slow the water transpiration in the winter tree and keep the tree body has enough water. At the same time, due to the increase of soil moisture, it will help to improve the orchard's microclimate. It can also reduce or avoid saplings, draining or death. For mature trees, the pouring of frozen water will be beneficial to germination, leaf spreading, flower bud differentiation, flowering, and fruiting results in the coming year.
Second, buried soil or cold soil
In northern China, it is generally late November (low snowy festival) that the fruit trees are buried in the cold or rooted.
1. Method of burying in the cold: (1) Newly planted saplings with poor cold-resistance can be directly pressed down before the soil freezes, buried with fine fluvo-aquic soil, and the thickness of the soil on the branches is 15-20. cm. Note that when the soil is buried, the surface of the soil should be smooth and tight, and no runaway air leakage should occur. (2) The vines must be pruned, fell, dig and buried before winter. Ditch depth, width and length depend on the size of the tree, generally 30-50 cm deep and wide, with a surface layer thickness of 15-20 cm.
2. Method of root-neck soil cultivation: Newly-grown saplings such as seedlings are large, and branches are not rigid and can be used for root-neck soil cultivation. The method is to use fine tidal soil to encircle the roots of the base to cultivate earth mounds. The mound can be 30-40 cm above the ground, and can also be used to cultivate 50-60 cm high crescent-shaped soil ridges in the north of the roots to change the microclimate around the roots. Conditions to increase soil temperature and reduce frost damage.
Third, trunk white
In the winter, due to the sudden change in temperature, the sunward surface of the trunk or branches of fruit trees is directly exposed to the sun during the day. The local temperature rises, the bark cells become active, and the night temperature drops sharply. The bark tissue cells are too late to adapt, resulting in frozen tissue necrosis. , become "Japanese burning." After the tree trunk is painted white, it can use white reflected light to refract part of the heat back. The temperature of the tree body will not increase rapidly and remain stable. There will be no freezing and freezing phenomenon, which can reduce or avoid the occurrence of sunburn disease.
The whitening time is better twice, the first time after the fruit trees are defoliated and before the soil is frozen, and the second is in the early spring. The main part of the white area is mainly trunk, and the sunny side of diseased trees and trunk branches should be painted. Do not apply on twigs or new branches so as not to burn out the buds.
Whitening agent formulation and use method: 10 parts of lime, 2 parts of lime sulfur, 1 part of salt, 2 parts of clay and 36-40 parts of water. Liquefied lime is used firstly, the residue is filtered off, the salt that has been opened is poured, and then the lime sulfur mixture and the clay are mixed. Salt mainly acts as a deliquescence solution, which can prevent crusting and peeling after coating. Clay plays an important role in adhesion. Lime sulfur can kill overwintering eggs and prevent diseases and insect pests. The coating liquid preparation should be dry and thin, and should not be lost when brushing. Brushing should be careful and thoughtful, so that the whitening agent penetrates into the skin seam, especially the diseased branches, bark seams, branches and branches should focus on brushing.
Four, trunk binding antifreeze
Plant trees and varieties with poor cold resistance, such as pomegranate and vine, which are planted behind the house and in the courtyard, should not be buried. This method can be used to prevent the cold. The time is usually in late November (Snow Festival). Methods: (1) Pomegranate trees: can be bundled with grass or wrapped around chicken skins, big trees wrapped around the trunk, the main branch, all young saplings. (2) Grape vines: You can wrap newspapers or wrapped around chicken skins. The big trees, small trees, trunks, main branches, side branches, etc. should be wrapped as much as possible.
V. Remove snow from the roots in time
Some tree species and varieties are poor in cold resistance. Once in the winter and spring season, once the roots and necks have accumulated snow for a long time, they melt during the day, freeze at night, and freeze and thaw. Over time, the epidermis of the neck and neck is frozen and cracked. It eventually turned black and even the whole plant died. In this case, remove the snow from the root and neck of the tree in time.
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