(a) Pruning and snoring
1. Pruning Due to different varieties and cultivation methods, tomato pruning methods are also different. There are four main types of pruning methods used in production. 1 Single stem pruning: Only the main branch is left, and all the lateral branches are successively removed. In this way, the number of fruit per plant is reduced by pruning, but the fruit type is increased, and the precociousness is good, and the early yield is high, which is suitable for early-maturing planting of dwarf cultivation and unlimited growth type varieties. However, this pruning method is not as good as the improved pruning in the fruit commercial character, and it is prone to premature aging. 2 double dry pruning: in addition to the main branch outside. Leave the first side branch grown under the first inflorescence, and remove all the other side branches, allowing the selected side branch and main branch to grow at the same time. This pruning method can increase the number of results per plant and increase the yield per plant, but the early yield and total yield and the weight of single fruit are not as good as single pruning. This method of pruning is suitable for plots with higher soil fertility and plants with stronger growth potential. 3 One-and-a-half pruning: In addition to the main stem, retain the first lateral branch below the first inflorescence. After leaving only 1 ear fruit, it will be picked up and left with 2 leaves left and the remaining side branches will be removed. The total yield of this pruning method is higher than that of single pruning, and the pruning method is generally adopted for the limited growth type varieties. 4 improved single stem pruning: In addition to the main branch outside. The first lateral branch under the first inflorescence of the main stem was retained, but no fruit was set. Only one to two leaves were retained on the lateral branch, and all the other lateral branches were removed. By pruning in this way, the plants develop well, the leaf area is large, the fruit setting rate is high, and the fruits develop quickly. Good product traits. The average single fruit weight is large, and the yield in the early stage is higher than that in the single-stem pruning and one-half dry pruning, and the total yield is higher than that in the single-stem pruning.
2. The operation of burping and burping should not be too early or too late, because there is a certain correlation between the growth of the shoot and the underground, and the removal of axillary buds too early will affect the growth of the root system. It is generally appropriate to remove the lateral shoots to a depth of 6 to 7 centimeters, and it should be done on a sunny day to facilitate wound healing.
(B) Engaging and picking leaves
1, picking up the tomato plant growth to a certain height, the knot after a certain ear should pick up the growing point, called topping. The limited growth type tomato varieties can not be topping. Generally early-maturing varieties, early-maturing cultivation, single-stem pruning, leaving 2 to 3 ear fruit picking; late-maturing varieties, large-scale cultivation, single pruning, leaving 4 to 5 ear fruit topping. In order to prevent the direct exposure of the upper layer of fruit to sunburn in the sun, the two leaves above the ear should be preserved to cover the fruit. In order to prevent the human transmission of tomato virus, one person should remove the field disease from the field one day before the field operation and bring it to the field to burn or bury it deeply. When both hands are in contact with the affected plant during the operation, they should be immediately cleaned with disinfectant or soapy water before proceeding.
2. The leaves of the bottom of the plant in the middle and late stages of the leaf pick-up are yellowing, indicating that the growth function has been lost. Extracting leaves can improve the condition of ventilation and light transmission between the plants and increase the photosynthesis intensity of the plants, but the picking leaves should not be too early and too much.
(3) Thinning, thinning, fruiting and scaffolding, arranging and arranging flowers and thinning fruit To make the tomato fruit set neatly and grow at a uniform speed, thinning and fruit thinning may be carried out properly. When the first inflorescence grows to the yolk size, 3 to 4 spikes per plant are reserved, and 4 to 5 similar fruits with good fruit shape are left in each panicle. Small fruit and deformed fruit are eliminated, which can significantly improve the quality of the product. Yield.
Struts and vines in addition to a small number of upright varieties and canned processing of the cultivation of tomatoes without pillars, the cultivation of tomatoes is mostly creeping, and its poor straightness. If it is not scaffolding, the plants will fall on the ground and be easily infected. After the scaffolding, the leaves were well-lighted, strong assimilation, and production of nutrients. The flower buds are well developed, and the tomato yield is high and the quality is good. Therefore, when the plant grows to a height of about 30 cm, the scaffold should be promptly affixed and the main stem tied to the scaffold. The materials used for the brackets can be made locally. There are four main types of stents, namely, single-bar frames, herringbone frames, four-corner frames, and fence frames. The cultivation of Heilongjiang Province uses square brackets or herringbone frames. The insertion is generally performed after the second cultivator, and the stems are gradually tied to the supports as the plants grow. When tying the vines, be careful not to injure the stems and leaves and the flowers and fruits, and tie the ears to the inside of the stent to avoid damage to the fruits and sunburn. It is usually tied one way per 1 ear and tied between the upper leaves of the ear.
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