Safflower is an annual or biennial herb of the Asteraceae family. The flower is used as medicine, is hard and tepid, and has the functions of promoting blood circulation and activating pain. The adaptability of safflower is strong, the temperature is warm and dry, and the climate is sunny. There is a certain ability to resist drought and cold, and it is afraid of high temperature and high humidity. The requirements for water and fertilizer and soil conditions are not high. Its cultivation and management techniques are as follows:
First, the site-selection site is selected for cultivation of sandy loam with high topography, dryness, medium fertility, and well-drained water. It is easy to grow disease on clay, low-lying, standing water, and overly fertile land. Avoid continuous cropping. Peanuts, soybeans, and wheat are suitable for the previous crop. When composting about 2,500 kg of compost per acre, plus 15 kg of superphosphate, plowing and cultivating, it is advisable to plant sorghum in areas with high water content.
Second, breeding methods use seeds to breed. The spring is sown in the north, and can be planted after thawing in mid- and late March. It cannot be later than in early April. Otherwise, the growth is weak and the pests and diseases are serious. In the south, autumn sow is used more often than sowing in October. Seeding early seedlings grew too prosperous, the roots cracked, the stems were drawn early in the coming year, the plants were high, and the yield was low. Seeding is too late and the emergence is not uniform or the seedlings are too small to be able to overwinter. Drill or hole broadcast can be. Row spacing 30cm, plant spacing 15cm, sowing depth 3 ~ 6cm, soil compaction after sowing. Use 2.5 to 3 kg per mu.
Third, field management
1. Seedlings: According to the planting distance of about 15cm Dingmiao, between the disease, weak seedlings and too large and small seedlings, retaining medium strong seedlings.
2. Cold: Autumn sowing safflower, in late December will be soil on both sides of the seedlings. Pour frozen water once before freezing to keep the field moist and dry, leaving the soil and roots in close contact for safe wintering.
3. Drainage and irrigation: safflowers are dry and hi dry, but it is important to keep the soil moist before and during the wintering, budding and flowering stages, especially before flowering and flowering. In case of drought, water should be poured early. After mid-May, if the rainfall increases and the temperature rises, it is necessary to timely dig trench drainage to reduce the occurrence of disease.
4. Top-dressing: Red Peanuts have long-term effects, and whether or not the buds are adequately fertilized has a great influence on the yield. If the previous fertilizer is insufficient, it will promote the red flower long, easy to break; if closed prematurely closed, not ventilated so that the increase in pests and diseases affect the later growth. Therefore, top dressing is performed twice. The first time before and after the seedlings are sown, lightly lift the seedlings. The second time in the bud stage, reapplying a fertilizer, generally using 1,500 to 2,000 kilograms of manure per acre, mixing 5 kilograms of ammonium sulfate, prompting budding and budding. Such as the base fat foot, seedlings are good, the first top dressing can not be applied.
5. Earthworm roots: After safflowers draw stems, most of the upper branches are easy to fall, so they need to be rooted in early May.
6. Topping: After the safflower extracts the stems, the top buds are removed and the branches are increased to increase the number of buds.
IV. Pest Control
1. Anthracnose: It mainly harms stems, scapes, and leaves. It has purple-red and brown comb-shaped or oblong-shaped spots, making it unable to bud or buds to be drooping and the plants dead. Severe onset from May to June. Control methods: choose disease-resistant varieties, generally have stabbed safflower than safflower disease-resistant; choose high-lying, dry, well-drained plots, planting sorghum, avoid continuation; in late April began to spray 1:1:100 Bordeaux Liquid or 65% wettable agent zinc 500 times fluid or 50% wet retort strain 1000 times, once every 7 to 10 days, several times in succession.
2. Fusarium wilt: The main manifestation is that the main root becomes black rot, the stem pith becomes brown, the stem is hemp-like, and orange-red sticky secretions are sometimes seen, and the upper part of the stem is wilting and dry. It began to happen in early May and the rainy season was severe. Control methods: Rotate with grass crops; remove the diseased plants and disinfect the diseased points with lime; use disease-free plants to leave seed; clean the plants after harvest, and burn the diseased and residual plants together.
3. Black spot and ring spot disease: mainly damage leaves. Near-circular brown lesions appeared in the diseased area, with small black spots on the upper surface. The lesions of the ring veins were larger and had concentric ring patterns than the black spot. From May to the harvest period are all harmed. Control methods: Crop rotation with Gramineae; spraying 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture or 65% wettable agent Zinc 500 times before and during the onset. Once every 7 days, spray it several times.
4. Sclerotinia: The main manifestation is the yellowing of the leaf color, the wilting of the branches, and the appearance of black murine urea nucleus in the root or stem. Occurs from May to June. The control method is the same as wilt disease.
5. Red fruit fly: also known as flower buds, borers. During bud stage adult spawning occurs in flower buds, where the larvae ingest food and damage, causing rotten buds that make them unable to flower or incomplete flowering and have a great impact on yield. Control methods: spray 40% Leko emulsion 1000 times, or 90% of trichlorfon 800 times, in the whitening stage of flower buds, spray once a week; clear garden, deal with stubble; bogey and Atractylodes, cornflower Intercropping.
V. Harvesting Processing Flowering occurs from June to July. The flower is yellow at the beginning of the flower, and then gradually becomes orange and then turns dark red. When the flowers turn orange from yellow, they are picked in batches in the morning and immediately placed in a dark and ventilated place. Spread out to dry, dry during the drying process, and collect them when they are dry. 10 to 15 days after the safflower is harvested, the seeds can be matured. The disease-free, high-yield, and species-specific plants were selected for seeding. The safflowers are divided into two types: thorny and non-stabbed. For the convenience of management and harvesting, safflowers can be used without thorns. However, if the disease is serious in areas such as anthrax and fruit flies, the thorny type should be used. Cut out the big, mature flower head and leave it for planting. All the others are pulled out or cut off, dried and laid to obtain seeds.
Six, the quality of the identification of mature red flowers scattered flowers, flowers about 2 to 2.5 cm, red or red and yellow surface. The lower part of the petals are united into a tube, the upper part is divided into 5 valves, the lobes are narrow and long, and the front end is pointed. There are 5 yellow stamens inside and they are combined into a tube. Soft, aroma, bitter taste. Dipping the flowers in water causes the water to stain golden, while the petals do not fade. Fine flowers, red and bright colors, no thorns, soft and soft, soft hair like hairs are preferred.
First, the site-selection site is selected for cultivation of sandy loam with high topography, dryness, medium fertility, and well-drained water. It is easy to grow disease on clay, low-lying, standing water, and overly fertile land. Avoid continuous cropping. Peanuts, soybeans, and wheat are suitable for the previous crop. When composting about 2,500 kg of compost per acre, plus 15 kg of superphosphate, plowing and cultivating, it is advisable to plant sorghum in areas with high water content.
Second, breeding methods use seeds to breed. The spring is sown in the north, and can be planted after thawing in mid- and late March. It cannot be later than in early April. Otherwise, the growth is weak and the pests and diseases are serious. In the south, autumn sow is used more often than sowing in October. Seeding early seedlings grew too prosperous, the roots cracked, the stems were drawn early in the coming year, the plants were high, and the yield was low. Seeding is too late and the emergence is not uniform or the seedlings are too small to be able to overwinter. Drill or hole broadcast can be. Row spacing 30cm, plant spacing 15cm, sowing depth 3 ~ 6cm, soil compaction after sowing. Use 2.5 to 3 kg per mu.
Third, field management
1. Seedlings: According to the planting distance of about 15cm Dingmiao, between the disease, weak seedlings and too large and small seedlings, retaining medium strong seedlings.
2. Cold: Autumn sowing safflower, in late December will be soil on both sides of the seedlings. Pour frozen water once before freezing to keep the field moist and dry, leaving the soil and roots in close contact for safe wintering.
3. Drainage and irrigation: safflowers are dry and hi dry, but it is important to keep the soil moist before and during the wintering, budding and flowering stages, especially before flowering and flowering. In case of drought, water should be poured early. After mid-May, if the rainfall increases and the temperature rises, it is necessary to timely dig trench drainage to reduce the occurrence of disease.
4. Top-dressing: Red Peanuts have long-term effects, and whether or not the buds are adequately fertilized has a great influence on the yield. If the previous fertilizer is insufficient, it will promote the red flower long, easy to break; if closed prematurely closed, not ventilated so that the increase in pests and diseases affect the later growth. Therefore, top dressing is performed twice. The first time before and after the seedlings are sown, lightly lift the seedlings. The second time in the bud stage, reapplying a fertilizer, generally using 1,500 to 2,000 kilograms of manure per acre, mixing 5 kilograms of ammonium sulfate, prompting budding and budding. Such as the base fat foot, seedlings are good, the first top dressing can not be applied.
5. Earthworm roots: After safflowers draw stems, most of the upper branches are easy to fall, so they need to be rooted in early May.
6. Topping: After the safflower extracts the stems, the top buds are removed and the branches are increased to increase the number of buds.
IV. Pest Control
1. Anthracnose: It mainly harms stems, scapes, and leaves. It has purple-red and brown comb-shaped or oblong-shaped spots, making it unable to bud or buds to be drooping and the plants dead. Severe onset from May to June. Control methods: choose disease-resistant varieties, generally have stabbed safflower than safflower disease-resistant; choose high-lying, dry, well-drained plots, planting sorghum, avoid continuation; in late April began to spray 1:1:100 Bordeaux Liquid or 65% wettable agent zinc 500 times fluid or 50% wet retort strain 1000 times, once every 7 to 10 days, several times in succession.
2. Fusarium wilt: The main manifestation is that the main root becomes black rot, the stem pith becomes brown, the stem is hemp-like, and orange-red sticky secretions are sometimes seen, and the upper part of the stem is wilting and dry. It began to happen in early May and the rainy season was severe. Control methods: Rotate with grass crops; remove the diseased plants and disinfect the diseased points with lime; use disease-free plants to leave seed; clean the plants after harvest, and burn the diseased and residual plants together.
3. Black spot and ring spot disease: mainly damage leaves. Near-circular brown lesions appeared in the diseased area, with small black spots on the upper surface. The lesions of the ring veins were larger and had concentric ring patterns than the black spot. From May to the harvest period are all harmed. Control methods: Crop rotation with Gramineae; spraying 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture or 65% wettable agent Zinc 500 times before and during the onset. Once every 7 days, spray it several times.
4. Sclerotinia: The main manifestation is the yellowing of the leaf color, the wilting of the branches, and the appearance of black murine urea nucleus in the root or stem. Occurs from May to June. The control method is the same as wilt disease.
5. Red fruit fly: also known as flower buds, borers. During bud stage adult spawning occurs in flower buds, where the larvae ingest food and damage, causing rotten buds that make them unable to flower or incomplete flowering and have a great impact on yield. Control methods: spray 40% Leko emulsion 1000 times, or 90% of trichlorfon 800 times, in the whitening stage of flower buds, spray once a week; clear garden, deal with stubble; bogey and Atractylodes, cornflower Intercropping.
V. Harvesting Processing Flowering occurs from June to July. The flower is yellow at the beginning of the flower, and then gradually becomes orange and then turns dark red. When the flowers turn orange from yellow, they are picked in batches in the morning and immediately placed in a dark and ventilated place. Spread out to dry, dry during the drying process, and collect them when they are dry. 10 to 15 days after the safflower is harvested, the seeds can be matured. The disease-free, high-yield, and species-specific plants were selected for seeding. The safflowers are divided into two types: thorny and non-stabbed. For the convenience of management and harvesting, safflowers can be used without thorns. However, if the disease is serious in areas such as anthrax and fruit flies, the thorny type should be used. Cut out the big, mature flower head and leave it for planting. All the others are pulled out or cut off, dried and laid to obtain seeds.
Six, the quality of the identification of mature red flowers scattered flowers, flowers about 2 to 2.5 cm, red or red and yellow surface. The lower part of the petals are united into a tube, the upper part is divided into 5 valves, the lobes are narrow and long, and the front end is pointed. There are 5 yellow stamens inside and they are combined into a tube. Soft, aroma, bitter taste. Dipping the flowers in water causes the water to stain golden, while the petals do not fade. Fine flowers, red and bright colors, no thorns, soft and soft, soft hair like hairs are preferred.
The advantages of Ultrasonic Cleaning Machine are:the ultrasonic cleaning effect is good and the operation is simple.The sound that people hear is an acoustic signal with a frequency of 20-20000 Hz.Sound waves with a frequency of more than 20000 Hz are called ultrasonic waves.The propagation of sound waves propagates longitudinally according to a sinusoidal curve,generating a large number of small bubbles.Ultrasonic cleaning machine one reason is that localized tensile stress occurs in the liquid and forms a negative pressure.The reduction in pressure supersaturates the gas originally dissolved in the liquid and escapes from the liquid and becomes a small bubble.Ultrasonic cleaning machine the other reason is that the strong tensile stress tears the liquid."A hollow,known as cavitation.
Ultrasonic Cleaning Machine
Ultrasonic Cleaning Machine,Benchtop Ultrasonic Cleaning Machine,Standard Cleaning Machine,Lightweight Cleaning Machine
Henan Sanqiang Medical Equipment Liability Co.,Ltd , http://www.sterilizers-china.com