Crops common pest control in the summer

The symptoms of cotton aphid infestation were as follows: The aphid was inserted into the back of the cotton leaf by a sucking mouthpart or tissue was sucked by the tender head. The affected leaf was curled to the back, and the leaves exhibited honeydew exudation (greasy) and often bred mold. After cotton damage, the plants were dwarf, the leaves became smaller, the number of leaves was reduced, the roots were shortened, the buds were delayed, the number of budding bells was reduced, and the opening of the bolls was delayed. Control methods: 1, pesticide control. Solubilize with Phosphorus, soak 1 kg of 75% Phoron for each 100 kg of dry cotton, and pour 50 liters of warm water of 55°C~60°C into the seed dressing tank of the cement masonry, pour the medicine, and pour it into the cotton to stir. After the medicament is drained, shovel it out for 24 hours to sow; phoxim, omethoate spray; and use dichlorvos to smuggle it. Red bollworm damage symptoms: 1, buds, flowers were killed. Break in from the top of the bud, leaving a large needle hole. Larvae eat flower buds in buds, and some flower buds are eaten empty and fall off; some do not fall off, can still flower, but flower development is not good, some petal adhesions are twisted. 2, Qinglian was killed. After entering from the base, the fistula healed and formed irregular protrusions on the inner wall of the shell. Older young bell suffers, and there is a larvae in the inner wall of the shell. The larvae invaded and then fed cottonseeds. The damaged cotton bolls were badly rotted in the rain, and the damaged bell room became a stale valve. 3, seeds are killed. The kernels are eaten and become empty shells with wormholes. Control methods: chemical control. Hydrobromide Chrysanthemum 2.5% mu active ingredient 0.5 grams to 1 gram, kungfu chrysanthemum per gram of 1 g, 1:250 dilution of carbaryl. The symptoms of cotton bollworm damage: 1, the second generation (bery bell stage) harm. The larvae at the growing point damage the leaflets around the top of the heart into a lack of shape. There are worms, and the leaves are deformed after being unfolded. The growth point is often destroyed, so that the top of the cotton stalk is stopped from growing, and a stout stalk grows from the top of the leaf blade below the top. Actually long branches, the above basically not bud, so that the whole cotton into a long stalk, straw stalk not result, commonly known as "public cotton." The top young leaves were eaten into many small perforations. Lei was killed. The larvae hide in the temporal lobe and feed on the young buds. There are insect feces at the pod borehole; the injured buds are opened and soon fall off. Flowers are killed. Stamens and styles of flowers are eaten; the base of the ovary breaks in, and the flower is often not bellied. 2, 3rd and 4th generation (bell stage) were harmed. There are wormholes in the base of cotton bolls, insect excrement near the mouth, most of the larvae of the larvae are exposed to the outside of the bell. The quilted cotton bolls are susceptible to mildew and fall off in the rain, and the damaged parts that do not fall off become deadlocked and buds are harmed in the same way. Control methods: 1. Agricultural control: (1) Poplar branch to attract moths; (2) Corn sorghum tying belts; (3) Field farming management and agricultural operations to reduce population density. 2. Biological control: (1) Apply microbial pesticides to treat cotton bollworm. (2) Protect and use natural enemies. There are many types of natural enemies of the cotton bollworm, such as eggs, larvae, parasitoids such as Trichogramma parasitophila, Pelophyteostribia, Pelophylax, and Echinops, grasshoppers, ladybugs, florets, spiders, etc., which control bolls. The harm of insects has a good effect. 3. Chemical prevention and control method: 25% Bromohydrogen Chrysanthemum 1000-1500 times, Phoxim, Dichlorvos 1,000 times to control three generations of cotton bollworm 40% Huifeng No. 1 Emulsion 50ml/Mu, 25% Fast Killing Spirit 60ml / Acre, 4.5% cypermethrin and 50% phoxim EC sprayed or rotated. Bollworms should be controlled in time as soon as they are hatched from 1 to 4 days after hatching. Symptoms of Sunflower Helianthus Annuus: Mainly infested flower discs and seeds of sunflower and wild chrysanthemum plants. Adults gradually appeared in mid-late July, and the eutrophic period began from the end of July to the beginning of August (the flowering period of sunflowers). Adults crouched on the flower disk to take nectar and mated and laid eggs. The spawning period is in early August and the egg period is 3 days to 5 days. There are 4 instar larvae, 1st to 2nd instar larvae feeding on tubular flowers. After 3rd instar, the seeds are bred along the sunflower's actual arrangement and the seeds are eaten partially or completely to form shells or saplings. The bite into a lot of tunnels. When the larvae are harmed, the insects and debris on the flower plate are actually strewn and adhered to the insects and debris in the form of silk mats. The damaged flower plates are rotted and moldy in the rain, which seriously reduces the yield and quality. Control methods: 1, fall winter irrigation can turn a large number of overwintering earthworms into the soil, reducing the amount of overwintering insects. 2, chemical control. In areas where there is little harm, spraying 90% trichlorfon 500 to 1000 times in the larvae (around the beginning of August) can be done on the faceplate. Areas where the damage is severe should be controlled mainly by adults, combined with control of larvae. At the end of July and early August, the adult insects were sprayed with dichlorvos or fumigate with dichlorvos (80% dichlorvos immersed in sorghum and inserted into the field) and then cast once every 3 to 5 days (based on the amount of insects). During the larval period (upper and middle August), 90% of trichlorfon was sprayed 500 times to 1000 times. Brown spot disease damage symptoms: lesions on the cotyledon and seedling leaves are nearly round and brown, with yellow halos on the periphery, and the lesions are gray on the back, and the adult leaves are spotted polygonal, brown, with yellow halos. There are many small black spots on the lesions, which are the conidia of the germs. The lesion can be detached and perforated when it is wet and wet. In severe cases the lesions can confluence and the entire leaf withers. Control methods: 1, deep-landing, eradication of self-producing seedlings, etc., remove the diseased plants. 2, at the beginning of the disease, hit the bottom leaves, diseased leaves, while spraying 50% carbendazim WP 500 times or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 1000 times, and even spray twice, interval 10 days. Soybean Sclerotinia Disease Symptoms: damage to the shoots of plants, mostly from the middle and lower parts of the main stem of the plant. The lesions are water-stained, irregularly shaped, light brown or nearly white and can surround the stems and move up and down. Contagion, diseased parts often die, can also cause stems to break off, the diseased part of the floc-like white hyphae when wet, which produced black rat sac-like sclerotia, sick stem pith site empty, sclerotia accounted for its space. The stem cortex is longitudinally torn at a later stage of drying. When the leaves are damaged, they appear as dark blue water stains, rot, and sometimes flocculent mycelium. Control methods: Comprehensive prevention and control should be adopted to eliminate primary infection sources. 1, the ward must avoid continuous cropping of soybeans or sunflower or rape rotation or neighboring. More than one year of rotation with grass crops has a significant effect. 2. The sick field should be deep-rooted after harvesting, turning the sclerotia of the topsoil into the soil, and removing or burning the remaining stems in time to reduce the source of bacteria. Soybeans should be cultivated and cultivated in time before soybeans are sealed to prevent sclerotia from sprouting and unearthing or forming apium discs. Pay attention to draining silt, smoothing the land, and preventing the spread of water and water. 3. Remove the mixed sclerotia in the seeds. 4, sclerotia germination of soil to the ascendant plate formation period, in the soil surface spray 50% fast-king WP, about 30 grams per mu ~ 60 grams, add water, 40 kg to 50 kg spray. Or with 50% carbendazim WP 100 g per mu or 30% sclerotinable WP 50 g, plus 50 kg of water also has good results, but spraying the plant surface after the onset of poor results. The symptoms of grey spot disease of soybeans: mainly damage the leaves of adult plants and also invade seedlings, stems, pods and seeds. Half-round or round-brown lesions appear on the cotyledons of diseased seedlings. The lesions on the leaves of adult plants were initially greenish round spots and gradually developed into frog eye-like spots with brown edges, central grays, or gray-brown eyes. It is also known as frog eye disease. Late forms of irregular lesions can also be formed. When wet, the central part of the lesion on the back of the leaf is densely coated with gray mold, which is the conidia of the pathogen. In severe cases, the lesions are covered with foliage, the lesions merge, and the leaves dies off. Stem-spotted spindle or elliptic, freckle round or oval, due to hairy, easy to see mold layer. The lesions on the grain are similar to the leaf spot, mostly round frog eyes. Control methods: chemical control. 1. In areas where the seedling stage is relatively humid and rainy, use 50% thiram or 50% carbendazim to seed, 0.3 kg per 100 kg of seeds; 2. For susceptible cultivars, densely growing soybean fields, at the beginning of disease or Wolfberry and grains are sprayed during the susceptible period to control the lesions on the grain. Commonly used agents are 40% carbendazim suspension or 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 100 grams per acre, or 50% thiophanate-methyl 100 grams, plus 80 kg to 100 kg of water spray. According to the development of the disease, interval 7 days to 10 days, a total of 2 to 3 times. Peanut root knot nematode disease symptoms: The groundnuts of peanuts can be invaded. When the roots begin to grow, the larvae invade from the root end. The repeated intrusion of larvae causes the entire root system to form a random hairy cluster. Control methods: 1, agricultural control. Deeply turning over the soil, increasing organic fertilizers, and enhancing the resistance to peanuts. 2, chemical control. 3% Kebaiwei granules Mushi 5 kg, 3% methyl isothiophos granules 10 kg to treat the soil. Seed coating agent No. 4 can also be used, seed dressing 2% seed dressing, in the disease index of 50% to 60% of the moderate incidence and 70% to 80% of the occurrence of land masses, alternating use of 6% iron toxin grams per acre of 1 kg , Or 10% grams of phosphorus 2 kg, the above granules spread evenly in the ditch, sowing soil. In drought years, water should be ditched and then sowed. Dwarf virus disease damage symptoms: the diseased plants are short, long-term shrinkage is not long, internodes are short, plant height is often 1/3 to 2/3 of healthy plants, single leaves become smaller and hypertrophy, dark green leaves, the result is less Small, like soy grains, some shell cracking, exposing the small red-brown kernels, fibrous roots and nodules are significantly scarce. Control methods: 1. Select seed kernels full of seed kernels as seeds, and strictly exclude sick, small and discolored kernels, in order to reduce the initial infection source in the field. 2, 50% Kedan 300 times, or 15% Triadimefon 1500 times spray. Symptoms of rust damage: Occur mainly on leaves and can also infect petioles, stems, and pedicels. Onset of the disease, the size of the needle first appeared yellowish lesions, gradually enlarged into reddish-brown projections, and the epidermis split longitudinally, exposing a red-brown powdery uredia spores heap. The spores were yellowish-brown in a yellowish shade and brownish in the end. There is a less obvious yellow halo around the lesion. The lesions on the leaves are more on the back than on the front. The victim plants began to develop from the bottom of the leaf and gradually spread upwards. The leaf color turned yellow and finally dried off and the whole plant died. Control methods: 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder can be sprayed 500 times, or 50% of thiram, 400 ml, 1500 times, or 30% encyclopedia of emulsifiable concentrate 30 ml to 60 ml per mu. Heavy rain after heavy rain. Symptoms of peanut pods damage: peanut pods are mostly concentrated on the backs of young leaves and young leaves, tender stems, and young buds. After blossoming, they damage the calyx tube and the fruit needle sucks sap. The affected plants grew dwarf and the leaves curled, affecting flowering and fruiting. In severe cases, the stems and leaves become dark, and the aphids excrete a large amount of “mellow dew”, which causes fungal parasitism, and in severe cases can cause the plants to die. Control methods: chemical control. Spraying: Use 40% Dimethoate Emulsion l000-1500x, or 50% Malathion or 50% Triamcinolone 1000x, or 50% Phosphate 3000x-5000x. With 50% of the fog, 8 grams to 10 grams per acre, spray 40 kg to 50 kg of water, control effect is good, and can protect natural enemies; dusting: in the second round of the earth, in the morning and evening leaves closed When carried out, it can spray 1.5% dimethoate powder, or 2.5% trichlorfon powder, or 1.5% methyl powder. Corn corn borer damage symptoms: corn borer larvae damage. The instar larvae feed on young leaves to form rows of holes. After 3rd instar larvae invaded the stalks, it injure the scapes, tassels and ears. The nutrition and moisture transmission of the damaged corn are obstructed, the growth is weak, the stalks are easy to fold, the ear development is poor, and the effects are strong. The larvae infested the cotton into the tender stems, causing the upper part to die, and eating bolls caused ringing, rot and deadlock. Control methods: Summer corn is controlled once at the end of the heart and leaves. When the panicle rate at the ear stage is 10% or 100%, there are 50 insects in the ear, and it is necessary to prevent and treat it immediately. Granules can be used pharmaceutical agents, with 50% parathion EC 500 ml plus appropriate amount of water, and 25 kg sieved (25 mesh ~ 60 mesh) of cinder or sand particles mixed evenly. Corn locules apply 1 to 2 grams of granules per plant at the end of the leaf stage. In addition, insecticidal double or hydrogen bromide, or monocrotophos may be used. Symptoms of corn borer damage: corn borer clustered in the heart of the corn seedlings, sucking damage. As the plant growth is concentrated on the newly born leaves, it is harmed. Most of the booting period is concentrated in flag leaves and leaf sheaths. While sucking corn sap while excreting a large amount of honeydew, the honeydew covering the leaf surface affects photosynthesis, causing mold parasitism easily, and the victim plant grows weak, stunts, and yield drops. Control methods: 1. Agricultural control. (1) Eradicate weeds in the field to reduce the source of insects; (2) Remove tassels from the central shoots to reduce the amount of insects. 2. Chemical control. Granules. Use 50 ml of 40% dimethoate, 0.5 kg of water, mix 15 kg of sand, and sprinkle 1 g per mu. With 50% anti-inferiority WP, 6 grams to 10 grams per acre, water 60 kg to 75 kg spray, or 40% omethoate EC 50 ml, add water 50 kg to 75 kg. Use 75 kg per mu. Corn leaf spot disease damage symptoms: corn leaf spot can occur from the seedling stage to the maturity period, and the incidence of disease after corn tasseling is heavy. The main damage leaves, but also damage leaf sheaths and loquat leaves. There are many lesions on the leaves. Initially immersed in water, later turned yellow-brown or red-brown, darker edge color, oval, round or oblong, size 5 ~ 103 ~ 4 mm, lesions often connect each other into pieces, forming a larger Stains. Rainy and damp weather, sometimes dark brown mold layer can be seen on the lesions. Mostly from the lower leaves of the plant disease, spread upward and expand. Control methods: 1. Strengthen cultivation management. The soil is ploughed into high-temperature manure to kill germs. Apply enough base fertilizer to increase phosphate fertilizer, reapply bell-mouth fertilizer, and timely cultivator irrigation. Strengthen corn field management and increase corn disease resistance. 2. Chemical control. Before and after corn heading, spraying began before the disease spread. Remove the diseased leaves at the time of spraying, use 50% Triflumne wettable powder, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 40% different rice oil net emulsion, etc., add water 500 times Spraying; or 70% thiophanate-methyl, 65% zeocin WP to spray 500 times to 800 times, 50 kg to 70 kg per acre medication, 7 days to 10 days, a total of two or three times. Sorghum sorghum smut symptoms: Occur mainly in the ear. The victim's sorghum panicle became a large gray bag. After the outer membrane ruptured, a large amount of black powder was scattered. At the same time, a bunch of scattered egg filaments (ie, vascular bundles) were exposed. In a few cases, only part of the bait was killed, or There was a distinct grey nodules on the leaves of the part, and after the outer membrane ruptured, the vascular bundles of the leaves did not break. After the black stalks of the main culm are knocked out, the spikes that continue to grow in the mountains are still black ear. Control methods: Cut down the diseased plants in time. Before the breakage of the ash pack, the diseased plants were cut off and pulled out of the ground to be destroyed. Solid head smut is a systemic infestation disease. For example, only the diseased ear is cut off, and the ear that grows tiller is still a black ear. For example, if the diseased ear is used to feed animals or worms, the manure must be thoroughly cooked before use. Symptoms of sorghum damage: The high mistletoe feeds nutrients on the back of the host plant. The initial stage of the disease is mostly damage to the lower leaves and gradually spreads to the upper leaves of the plant. The back of the leaf is full of worms, and secretes a lot of honey dew, dripping on the lower leaves and stems: shiny, it is called "oil from the strain." Affects photosynthesis and normal growth of plants. Causes the leaf color to become red, "bald neck", "acupuncture point", small spikelets, high grain tannin content, astringent rice, seriously affecting the yield and quality of sorghum. Control methods: Agricultural control. Sorghum and soybean intercropping can be used to improve the microclimate in the field. 1 spray powder with 1.5% dimethoate or 1.5% methyl parathion (methyl 1608) powder spray, 1. 5 kg to 2 kg; 2 application of arsenic sand with 40% dimethoate EC 50 ml, equal amount of water and mix, then add 10 kg to 15 kg of fine sand, made of arsenopyrite on the sorghum plant; 8 Dimethoate smear diluted 40% Dimethoate EC 100 times to smear the stem. Apply 10 cm long liquid to the lower stem of the sorghum with a green stem, apply one by one, not to be missed. 4 Spray 50% Kill the pine nut oil 1000-3000 times, or use 2.5% deltamethrin or 20% cypermethrin 5000-8000 times. Because of the different drug resistance of sorghum varieties, the phytotoxicity test must be done before large-scale control. In the year of sorghum, the density of insect population is high, and when the population of locusts reproduces quickly, they can be sprayed with a low-capacity airplane. Symptoms of sorghum strips infestation: young larvae feed on the leaves in the heart, leaving only the epidermis and window paper. When the instar larvae grow older, they bite into irregular holes or invade the stems to feed on food. Some bite growth points. Causes the sorghum to form a dead heart and the stems are easy to fold. Control methods: Control methods can be referenced to prevent corn borer method, but should pay attention to the heart and leaf phase of the application before the bark stem, that is, the larvae in the heart when the best damage. In addition, sorghum is extremely sensitive to trichlorfon and dichlorvos and must be strictly prohibited to prevent phytotoxicity. Rice sheath blight is a symptom of damage: it usually begins in childbirth and begins to appear as an oval spot on the leaf sheath near the water surface. Afterwards, the lesions increase, often healing each other into irregular large-scale moire spots. The edges are brown and the middle is grayish green or light brown. The symptoms on the leaves are basically the same as those on the leaf sheath. The disease spreads upwards and downwards. When it is severe, it can spread on the flag leaves, and even cause the incidence of the panicle. Control methods: Agricultural control: Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, avoid the late growth of paddy rice, timely field drying, control of ineffective delivery, promote rice growth and health, increase disease resistance, and control the occurrence of diseases. Timely application of pesticide protection: The prevention and control of rice diseases must emphasize "prevention first". In all types of rice during the tillering period to strengthen the investigation, according to the early onset of the disease, determine the period of prevention and treatment, according to the severity of the disease, determine the field of control. Saponins: There are 500 eggs per acre in Putian. When the Daejeon occult sheath rate reaches 0.5% or more, use 50 % insecticidal double 100 g or 90% insecticide 50 g to spray 40 kg to 50 kg of water. Rice planthoppers: There are 500 insects at the end of the tillering stage of the rice till the earliest stages of the planting period. Spray 25-30 grams or 30 grams of 10% imidacloprid 25% for 30 kg to 40 kg of water.

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