For the pathogen of mad cow disease, many experts tend to use a theory that mad cow disease is caused by an abnormal allosteric degeneration of normal proteins called prion. Japanese researchers have discovered two new substances that prevent normal prion proteins from mutating under the influence of the mutant prion protein. This discovery may help develop drugs to prevent mad cow disease. Kyodo News recently reported the findings of Naoki Iwako, a researcher at the National Center for Psychiatry and Neurology of Japan. Earlier studies showed that when the normal prion protein in the brain of cattle is attached to the mutant prion protein, the normal prion protein will mutate and the mutated protein will increase in the same way, resulting in mad cow disease. Iwatani found that two substances named sodium copper chlorophyllin and sodium iron chlorophyllin could inhibit this "vicious cycle." In the experiment, researchers first used gene technology to develop mouse nerve cells that could both synthesize normal prion proteins and generate the protein variants. If nothing is done, the so-synthesized normal Prion protein will soon mutate due to the variant Prion protein attachment. However, after the mouse nerve cells were placed into sodium copper chlorophyllin and iron sodium chlorophyllin solution, the normal prion protein would not be mutated. Normal Prion proteins include a helical structure and a ribbon structure. When the variant Prion protein attaches to the normal prion protein band structure, the band structure becomes helical, leading to normal prion variations. Naoki's son analyzed that the copper chlorophyllin and iron ferrocyanate would adhere to the normal prion's band structure before the mutant prion, thus preventing the variation caused by the abnormal prion protein attachment. Relevant experts say that the chemical compositions of chlorophyllin and sodium chlorophyllin are close to that of chlorophyll, and they have been used in food additives and medicines with high safety. However, experts say that this new discovery has much potential for application in the prevention and control of mad cow disease and further research is needed before it can be answered.
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