In 2003, we used the full-price compound feed and carried out scientific feeding and management. We conducted trials of raising and domesticating grass carp fingerlings in ponds for carp cultivation. Eight acres of ponds produced a total of 13830 kg of large-scale fish species, of which grass carp species were 2900 kg and carp fish. The species of 8600kg and 2300kg of white pelagic species were fed with feed coefficients of 2.0 and 1.8, respectively. The survival rate of grass carp species was 75%, and the profit per mu was 4625.25 yuan. The breeding mode of domesticated domesticated grass carp species in carp ponds was initially explored. The problems of lack of fish disease and lack of quantity in grass carp have been solved, the utilization of aquaculture water has been increased, and the aquaculture benefits have been increased.
First, pond preparation
1. Pond conditions Because the breeding objects are conventional cultured species, a pond with an area of ​​8 acres is used in the Kuangxiang Company Farm of Lianyungang City. The water depth is 2.5m. The water source is sufficient, the water quality is excellent, and drainage and irrigation are convenient. The pond is equipped with a 4-inch water pump, a 2.5kW aerator, and a 90W power feeder.
2. Pond clearing and disinfection April 22 clear the pond, dig out too much silt, keep the bottom silt about 1Ocm, use quicklime 1OOkg/mu dry pond clear pond, will drain the pool water basically, keep the bottom of the pool deep in water 1Ocm, in the pond Dig a number of small pits at the bottom, put the quicklime into a small pit and dilute it to a slurry, and not spill it evenly into the pool. On April 23, the pond mud was rammed with iron to fully mix the lime mud with the mud.
3. Add water 0.6m deep to the pond on April 24th after fertilizing the clear pond, filter it with a 40-mesh sieve to prevent the entry of wild fish and harmful organisms; apply 400kg/mu of fertilized water to make the water transparent. Stay around 25cm.
Second, seed stocking
On May 2nd, 16,000 white flowers were planted in summer, and the stocking density was 2000 tares per mu. After 2 days, 64,000 summer flowers were planted in Jianou, and the stocking density was 8,000 fish per mu. On May 10, the grass carp was released for summer 3.2. Million, stocking density 4000/mu.
Third, domesticated culture
1. Domestication and feeding This experiment adopts a step-by-step domestication method for domestication of carp and grass carp. On May 11th (ie, 1st week of squid pond), domesticated squid was started to use crushed pellet feed to complete domestication within 1 week. On May 16th, grass carp was intensively bred due to the habit of feeding grass carp along the poolside. The bran was fed at multiple points around the pond. Feeding began on May 18, and bamboo was used as a feed box. The bran was thrown into the feed box. From May 20 onwards, the floating compound feed was gradually increased. The compound feed must be crushing material, while feeding and knocking the barrel to make a sound (and the sound of the squid is different) to stimulate the grass carp to form a conditioned reflex. The domestication is basically completed on May 26, and the grass carp has developed a habit of focusing on feeding. During domestication, feeding twice a day, the size of pellet feed depends on the individual size of the fish. The particle size of the pellet feed is 0.5mm, 1.5mm, 2.Omm, 3.Omm, and 4.0mm, respectively. Slow and small first, fast and large in the middle, and finally slow and less feeding, the feeding time is controlled at about 1 hour each time. The carp feed stand and grass carp feed frame are located in two ponds, separated by 20m. Each feeding was first fed salmon, then fed grass carp, the daily feeding amount was about 3% to 8% of the total weight of the fish. Fish body weight was measured once every 10 days to adjust the amount of daily feeding. According to the weather conditions, fish feeding conditions, etc. to make appropriate adjustments to the amount of daily feeding.
2. Feed Requirements During the aquaculture process, squid was fed with a special feed for squid with a protein content of 34%. For grass carp, grain feeds with a crude protein content of 28% and crude fiber content of 9% were used. When grass carp is fed, floating pellet feed is used before May 26 and grass carp maturation is started on May 26. Adding crude fiber raw material to grass carp feed can increase the gastrointestinal motility of grass carp, help digestion, and promote the metabolism of fish. The main ingredient of grass carp feed is fish meal 10% (crude protein content ≥65%), bean cake 20% (crude protein content ≥39%, crude fiber content <6.0%), yeast 8% rapeseed cake 10% (crude protein content ≥34% , crude fiber content <14%), bran 30% (crude protein content ≥15%, crude fiber content <9%), grass powder 10%, secondary powder 10% (crude protein content> 11%, crude fiber content < 7%), inorganic salt 1.8%, multidimensional pigment 0.2%.
IV. Breeding management
1. Regulation of water quality From May to June, as the water temperature rises, new water is added every 10 days, once for 20cm, and there is no need to open an aerator; until July to September, the water level is kept 2.Om deep, every Change water for 7 days, change water 30cm each time, and increase the amount of fish when the temperature rises. Turn on the oxygen aerator at the right time. Normally open at noon and open in the evening, open in cloudy early morning and not in daytime. , Continuous rainy days open in the middle of the night; in October, change the water once every 10 days, each changing the water 20cm. Keep the pool water "fat, live, tender, and cool" with a transparency of 20cm to 30cm. Keep the water color "early green, late green and early red and green"; spill lime every 15 days to regulate water quality. Each dosage is 15kg/ mu.
2. Fish disease prevention and control entered in August. With the increase of feed intake and the large amount of fish manure, toxic gases and harmful bacteria in the water body increased rapidly. Each time after the use of quicklime, Bacillus spp. The main water quality improver decomposes the residual bait to reduce the content of harmful substances such as nitrite, ammonia nitrogen, and hydrogen sulfide, promote the propagation of beneficial bacteria, keep the ecological environment of the water well, and prevent the occurrence of fish diseases. Due to proper preventive measures, no fish disease occurred in the breeding process.
V. Cultivation results
1. The harvest was released on May 2 and harvested in late November. A total of 13,830 kg of fish were harvested. Among them, grass carp species 2900kg, specifications up to 6 / kg ~ 10 / kg, aquaculture survival rate of 75%; carp species 8600kg, specifications up to 6 / kg ~ 8 / kg, aquaculture survival rate of 94%; spent white carp 2330kg, specifications up to 5 / kg ~ 7 / kg, aquaculture survival rate of 90%.
2. Economic Benefits The experimental results showed that the feed coefficients of grass carp and carp were 2.0 and 1.8 respectively, and the net profit of the mu was 4625.25 yuan, and the input-output ratio was 1:1.59.
VI. Discussion
1. The cultivation method of raising grass carp fingerlings in carp ponds has always been due to its conflicting diet and is considered to affect growth without recognition. This experiment has solved this contradiction effectively through staged stocking and domestication respectively, which proves that this breeding method can effectively use water bodies and improve the breeding efficiency. It is practical and feasible. According to the characteristics of large fish mouth cracking and strong competition, the selected carp pellets of grass carp pellets were first domesticated, and then the bran and other bulk materials were used to attract the grass carp fry to the water surface, and concentrated to feed the grass carp pellet feed. The author believes that squid and grass carp should use different feed stations, and should be 15m to 20m apart.
2. Feeding grass carp only pellet feed instead of feeding green feed breaks the traditional culture concept, reduces the damage of green feed residues to water quality and brings invading pathogens, and protects the pond water environment. At the same time, the proportion of crude fiber raw materials must be increased in the formulation of grass carp pellet feed (crude fiber ratio can not be less than 9%) to increase the gastrointestinal motility of grass carp, help digestion, promote the metabolism of fish, and other ingredients such as vitamins and minerals. It is also indispensable.
3. In the traditional breeding mode, grass carp is easy to get sick. In order to isolate pathogens and maintain a good growth environment, we take preventive measures as follows: 1 Do a good job of disinfection of the ponds; 2 Do a good job of disinfecting the fishes. All the fish are 15ppm high before entering the pond. Potassium manganate is washed for 10 minutes to 20 minutes; 3 Water body disinfection is performed regularly; 4 Food field disinfection is performed regularly; 5 Herbal medicine is regularly added to the pellet feed, once every 20 days, once every 3 days, every 1000 kg of feed. 250g mixed with allicin can effectively prevent the occurrence of grass carp disease.
4. In this breeding mode, the ratio of the set of flowering whitefish is 1:3.
First, pond preparation
1. Pond conditions Because the breeding objects are conventional cultured species, a pond with an area of ​​8 acres is used in the Kuangxiang Company Farm of Lianyungang City. The water depth is 2.5m. The water source is sufficient, the water quality is excellent, and drainage and irrigation are convenient. The pond is equipped with a 4-inch water pump, a 2.5kW aerator, and a 90W power feeder.
2. Pond clearing and disinfection April 22 clear the pond, dig out too much silt, keep the bottom silt about 1Ocm, use quicklime 1OOkg/mu dry pond clear pond, will drain the pool water basically, keep the bottom of the pool deep in water 1Ocm, in the pond Dig a number of small pits at the bottom, put the quicklime into a small pit and dilute it to a slurry, and not spill it evenly into the pool. On April 23, the pond mud was rammed with iron to fully mix the lime mud with the mud.
3. Add water 0.6m deep to the pond on April 24th after fertilizing the clear pond, filter it with a 40-mesh sieve to prevent the entry of wild fish and harmful organisms; apply 400kg/mu of fertilized water to make the water transparent. Stay around 25cm.
Second, seed stocking
On May 2nd, 16,000 white flowers were planted in summer, and the stocking density was 2000 tares per mu. After 2 days, 64,000 summer flowers were planted in Jianou, and the stocking density was 8,000 fish per mu. On May 10, the grass carp was released for summer 3.2. Million, stocking density 4000/mu.
Third, domesticated culture
1. Domestication and feeding This experiment adopts a step-by-step domestication method for domestication of carp and grass carp. On May 11th (ie, 1st week of squid pond), domesticated squid was started to use crushed pellet feed to complete domestication within 1 week. On May 16th, grass carp was intensively bred due to the habit of feeding grass carp along the poolside. The bran was fed at multiple points around the pond. Feeding began on May 18, and bamboo was used as a feed box. The bran was thrown into the feed box. From May 20 onwards, the floating compound feed was gradually increased. The compound feed must be crushing material, while feeding and knocking the barrel to make a sound (and the sound of the squid is different) to stimulate the grass carp to form a conditioned reflex. The domestication is basically completed on May 26, and the grass carp has developed a habit of focusing on feeding. During domestication, feeding twice a day, the size of pellet feed depends on the individual size of the fish. The particle size of the pellet feed is 0.5mm, 1.5mm, 2.Omm, 3.Omm, and 4.0mm, respectively. Slow and small first, fast and large in the middle, and finally slow and less feeding, the feeding time is controlled at about 1 hour each time. The carp feed stand and grass carp feed frame are located in two ponds, separated by 20m. Each feeding was first fed salmon, then fed grass carp, the daily feeding amount was about 3% to 8% of the total weight of the fish. Fish body weight was measured once every 10 days to adjust the amount of daily feeding. According to the weather conditions, fish feeding conditions, etc. to make appropriate adjustments to the amount of daily feeding.
2. Feed Requirements During the aquaculture process, squid was fed with a special feed for squid with a protein content of 34%. For grass carp, grain feeds with a crude protein content of 28% and crude fiber content of 9% were used. When grass carp is fed, floating pellet feed is used before May 26 and grass carp maturation is started on May 26. Adding crude fiber raw material to grass carp feed can increase the gastrointestinal motility of grass carp, help digestion, and promote the metabolism of fish. The main ingredient of grass carp feed is fish meal 10% (crude protein content ≥65%), bean cake 20% (crude protein content ≥39%, crude fiber content <6.0%), yeast 8% rapeseed cake 10% (crude protein content ≥34% , crude fiber content <14%), bran 30% (crude protein content ≥15%, crude fiber content <9%), grass powder 10%, secondary powder 10% (crude protein content> 11%, crude fiber content < 7%), inorganic salt 1.8%, multidimensional pigment 0.2%.
IV. Breeding management
1. Regulation of water quality From May to June, as the water temperature rises, new water is added every 10 days, once for 20cm, and there is no need to open an aerator; until July to September, the water level is kept 2.Om deep, every Change water for 7 days, change water 30cm each time, and increase the amount of fish when the temperature rises. Turn on the oxygen aerator at the right time. Normally open at noon and open in the evening, open in cloudy early morning and not in daytime. , Continuous rainy days open in the middle of the night; in October, change the water once every 10 days, each changing the water 20cm. Keep the pool water "fat, live, tender, and cool" with a transparency of 20cm to 30cm. Keep the water color "early green, late green and early red and green"; spill lime every 15 days to regulate water quality. Each dosage is 15kg/ mu.
2. Fish disease prevention and control entered in August. With the increase of feed intake and the large amount of fish manure, toxic gases and harmful bacteria in the water body increased rapidly. Each time after the use of quicklime, Bacillus spp. The main water quality improver decomposes the residual bait to reduce the content of harmful substances such as nitrite, ammonia nitrogen, and hydrogen sulfide, promote the propagation of beneficial bacteria, keep the ecological environment of the water well, and prevent the occurrence of fish diseases. Due to proper preventive measures, no fish disease occurred in the breeding process.
V. Cultivation results
1. The harvest was released on May 2 and harvested in late November. A total of 13,830 kg of fish were harvested. Among them, grass carp species 2900kg, specifications up to 6 / kg ~ 10 / kg, aquaculture survival rate of 75%; carp species 8600kg, specifications up to 6 / kg ~ 8 / kg, aquaculture survival rate of 94%; spent white carp 2330kg, specifications up to 5 / kg ~ 7 / kg, aquaculture survival rate of 90%.
2. Economic Benefits The experimental results showed that the feed coefficients of grass carp and carp were 2.0 and 1.8 respectively, and the net profit of the mu was 4625.25 yuan, and the input-output ratio was 1:1.59.
VI. Discussion
1. The cultivation method of raising grass carp fingerlings in carp ponds has always been due to its conflicting diet and is considered to affect growth without recognition. This experiment has solved this contradiction effectively through staged stocking and domestication respectively, which proves that this breeding method can effectively use water bodies and improve the breeding efficiency. It is practical and feasible. According to the characteristics of large fish mouth cracking and strong competition, the selected carp pellets of grass carp pellets were first domesticated, and then the bran and other bulk materials were used to attract the grass carp fry to the water surface, and concentrated to feed the grass carp pellet feed. The author believes that squid and grass carp should use different feed stations, and should be 15m to 20m apart.
2. Feeding grass carp only pellet feed instead of feeding green feed breaks the traditional culture concept, reduces the damage of green feed residues to water quality and brings invading pathogens, and protects the pond water environment. At the same time, the proportion of crude fiber raw materials must be increased in the formulation of grass carp pellet feed (crude fiber ratio can not be less than 9%) to increase the gastrointestinal motility of grass carp, help digestion, promote the metabolism of fish, and other ingredients such as vitamins and minerals. It is also indispensable.
3. In the traditional breeding mode, grass carp is easy to get sick. In order to isolate pathogens and maintain a good growth environment, we take preventive measures as follows: 1 Do a good job of disinfection of the ponds; 2 Do a good job of disinfecting the fishes. All the fish are 15ppm high before entering the pond. Potassium manganate is washed for 10 minutes to 20 minutes; 3 Water body disinfection is performed regularly; 4 Food field disinfection is performed regularly; 5 Herbal medicine is regularly added to the pellet feed, once every 20 days, once every 3 days, every 1000 kg of feed. 250g mixed with allicin can effectively prevent the occurrence of grass carp disease.
4. In this breeding mode, the ratio of the set of flowering whitefish is 1:3.