Effect of high temperature on growth and development of vegetables
The effect of high temperature on the growth and development of vegetables is multi-faceted. It usually shows slow growth of plants; poor flower bud differentiation, pollination and fertilization are affected, and the number of fallen flowers and deformed fruits increases; melons and fruits are prone to sunburn, and the diseased parts are sunburned. It is grayish white or light white leathery, and the tissue is necrotic and hard. In the later stage, it is often rotted by saprophytic bacteria.
Defense measures
Choose heat-resistant and disease-resistant varieties such as tomato, choose powder 802, new L402, cherry tomato, choose Saints, Asian vegetables, etc.
Improve the cultivation management method and rationally close the plants to make the stems and leaves shade each other. Intercropping with high-stalk crops, using high-stalk crops to shade vegetables. When the summer tomato is pruned, leave 2~3 leaves on the top layer of the ear to protect the sunscreen. After cabbage, broccoli, etc., the outer leaves are removed from the leaf ball to avoid direct sunlight. After the melon crops are covered with melons, the top and bottom mats of the grass can be used to prevent sunburn and rotten melons.
With water cooling in the summer and autumn high temperature season, timely irrigation can improve the microclimate conditions in the field and reduce the temperature by 1 °C ~ 3 °C, thus reducing the direct damage of the high temperature to the flower and photosynthetic organs. Timely irrigation with well water can reduce the soil air condition of the vegetable field, enhance the root activity and prevent vegetable dead seedlings.
In the hot season, the top dressing is carried out with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, superphosphate and ash leaching solution, and Tianda 2116 solution for several times. It is beneficial to both cooling and humidification, and can supplement the water necessary for vegetable growth and development. And nutrition, but the spraying concentration must be appropriately reduced to increase the water consumption. In addition, tomato spraying 2000~3000ppm than long (B9) solution, 0.1% zinc sulfate or copper sulfate solution can improve the heat resistance of the plant, enhance the ability to resist cracking and anti-sunburn, dip or coat with 2,4-D Flowers can prevent high temperature falling and promote ovary enlargement.
Artificial shading establishes a simple shade shed above the vegetable plot, covered with branches or crop straws, and covered with sparse shades, which can lower the temperature by 3 °C ~ 4 °C. Vegetables grown in plastic greenhouses are shaded by shading nets in summer and autumn. The cooling effect can reach 4 °C ~ 6 °C, and can prevent heavy rain, hail and aphids from directly harming vegetables.
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