On September 27 last year, the author visited an apple orchard in Shunan Nanshen Village, Shunping, Baoding, Hebei, at a time when Dounan's apple harvest, apple trees full of trees attracted a large number of fruit suppliers. However, some fruit growers are frowning, and red apples are covered with black spots. No one cares. Originally, the apples of the fruit growers were suffering from bitter pit disease. Canola farmers reported that they did not use less fat and calcium did not spray less. How was bitter bitter disease still so serious?
The author's investigation found that apple production in this place was all bagged in paper bags. The bitterness and bitterness of bitter fruit were generally larger than those of normal fruits, and they were mostly found in trees with strong vigor, branches, and fruit trees. The amount of fertilizer in the plot is too large.
Make up "calcium" effect
Previous studies have shown that the total calcium content of bitter fruit in bitter pit disease is about 30% lower than that of normal fruits. Excessive nitrogen in the soil will increase the incidence of bitter pit disease, and fruit bagging will also affect the absorption of calcium by the tree. Dounan, The prevalence of susceptible species such as Golden Delicious, Red Marshal, Jade Jade, Red Jade, Granny Smith, Ruo Ao, and Voss Flower was higher.
It has been reported in the literature that the calcium absorption of bagging Fuji apple fruit accounted for about 42% of the total fruit absorption. Therefore, adopting the calcium spraying method in the young fruit period can reduce the incidence of bitter pit disease. Some studies have shown that calcium supplementation in the form of calcium nitrate is better when calcium supplements are applied to the apple by spraying (temperature does not exceed 26°C to 29°C). It is also worth noting that the use of calcium nitrate to spray the Luo and Golden Crown varieties is avoided because it will cause phytotoxicity on the fruit.
Relying on "Fat"
In addition to calcium supplementation, attention should also be paid to the following points in production: During the irrigation period, the humidity in the soil should be prevented from rising and falling; do not over-fertilize and avoid excessive tree vigor and excessive fruits; do not excessively trim the branches; Sparse flowering leaves plenty of fruit; timely harvesting, picking too late fruit is prone to bitter pit disease.
In addition, the amount of fertilizer is also critical, especially the autumn fertilization after fruit picking, is the key to fertilizing apple orchards. Organic fertilizers should be used mainly, combined with the appropriate amount of quick-acting fertilizers, and the amount of fertilizers should account for more than 70% of the total amount of fertilizers for the whole year. Fruit trees in the fruit area of ​​North China should be filled with more than 5 cubic meters of high-quality organic fertilizer per acre, and high-quality compound fertilizer should be added at the same time, 100 to 150 kg per mu.
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