Papaya is a tropical, subtropical fruit and vegetable, is a warm crop.
Papaya suitable growth temperature is 15-35 degrees Celsius. When the temperature is below 6 degrees Celsius, the plants will be frozen to death. Therefore, planting in Beijing must be conducted in a greenhouse with warming conditions. It does not require strict soil requirements. Generally, it is better to choose loose, fertile, well-drained loam soil. Soil conditions with high groundwater or accumulated water can easily cause rot.
First, pre-sowing seed treatment: The seeds are best sterilized with pesticide thiophanate 500 times, washed and soaked with 1% baking soda liquid for 4 to 5 hours to increase the germination rate. Remove and rinse with clean water, place it in a thermostat at 32 degrees Celsius, and take out the seeds when the seed coat is cracked and white. If farmers do not have the above conditions available for soaking in warm water for 12 hours, remove them and wash them in clean towels and place them on the stove top (mainly for insulation). Check twice daily and moisturize them. Seed cracking after 4 to 5 days. Dew, you can sow.
Second, sowing: Beijing area adopts Dongyu spring shift, generally in the greenhouse in the middle and late October. Put the prepared nutritious soil (which can be used for vegetable seedlings) in trays or nutrients, and then place it in the nursery bed, soak it in a small hole with your finger and plant one seed for each seedling. After sowing, cover soil, water, cover film. Before sowing, it is best to mix with decomposed manure or farmyard manure.
Third, seedling management: usually about 10 days after sowing seedling emergence. Always keep the soil moist after emergence, but avoid excessive moisture. When the seedling grows 2 to 3 true leaves, it is necessary to properly control the moisture. When the leaves reach 4 pieces, topdressing can be performed once every 15 days.
Fourth, planting and fertilizer management: Beijing can generally be planted in mid-February. Due to the large crown of papaya, it can generally be planted in a wide row with a spacing of 1.5 meters and 2.5 meters. Planting deep holes to dig, general diameter of 60 cm, 40 cm deep. When planting, try not to loosen the cup mud when removing the nutrition cup to avoid damaging the root. Finally, set the root water and cover the membrane. Ten to fifteen days after colonization, top dressing was applied at the outer edge of the canopy, ie outside the drip line. After every two months after the application of fertilizer once. As the temperature rises, it is necessary to pay attention to the removal of membranes and ventilation so as not to burn the seedlings. After the “May 1st,†the membranes will be fully removed. As the plants grow older, the amount of fertilizer is gradually increased, heavy fertilizer is applied at the buds, and heavy fertilizer is applied every month during the fruit development from June to October. Under the management of enhanced fertilization, results can be produced in mid-June. Good insulation conditions can be harvested after October.
V. Pest control: The most serious diseases of papaya seedlings are epidemics, damping-off diseases, anthrax, powdery mildew, etc. They should be mainly anti-bacterial and spray bactericidal drugs regularly, which can be used for toxic Mn-Zn, thiophanate-methyl and multi-bacteria. Spirit and so on. After planting, mosaic disease, anthrax, powdery mildew, and leaf spot disease are the main causes. Mosaic virus is the main vector of mosaic disease and should be sprayed in time. Papaya insect pests are mainly locusts in Beijing, and 10% imidacloprid (one-time net) or anti-influx is available. Spray concentration should not be too strong, because papaya is very susceptible to phytotoxicity.
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