According to the characteristics of wheat requirement fertilizer and the results of soil testing and formula fertilization, the Provincial Soil Fertilizer Station formulated guidelines for fertilizing techniques for autumn wheat in 2017, and proposed fertilizer recommendations and technical points.
According to experts, the main problems in wheat fertilization in our province are: unbalanced and unreasonable fertilization in the main wheat producing areas. The customary application of nitrogen and Phosphate fertilizers is generally higher. The organic fertilizers in the base fertilizers are generally insufficient, and the proportion of nitrogen fertilizers is relatively large. In the central and the area along the Yangtze River, most of the wheat is sown, heavy base fertilizers and light fertilizers are used. In some regions, zinc, manganese and other trace elements are lacking.
Wheat fertilization should adhere to the three principles. First, according to the results of soil testing and formula fertilization, determine the appropriate amount and proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, combined with the application of zinc, manganese and other trace elements; the second is to increase the application of organic fertilizer, straw returning, organic and inorganic combination; third is to appropriately reduce nitrogen fertilizer Dosage, adjustment base, top dressing ratio, medium-strong gluten wheat appropriate increase in the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer application in the later period.
Number of fertilization. For areas with a target output of 500 kg/mu or more, the total amount of fertilized fertilizer per acre is as follows: 13-15 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 5-7 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and 6-8 kg of potassium fertilizer. The target output of 350-500 kg/mu, the total amount of fertilization per acre (refined) is: 11-13 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 4-6 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and 5-7 kg of potassium fertilizer.
The area where the soil is insufficient for zinc and manganese is about 1 kilogram per gram of zinc sulfate and manganese sulfate. In regions where the amount of organic fertilizer is applied or where straw is returned, the amount of fertilizer, especially potassium, should be appropriately reduced according to the target yield.
Fertilizer operations. In the Huaibei wheat area, 40%-50% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is used as the basis, 50%-60% as top dressing; 50%-60% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the south of the Huaihe River is used as the basis, and 40%-50% is used as top dressing. . The proportion of nitrogen-based fertilizers in medium and low yield fields should be slightly higher than that in high-yield fields. Potash 70% for basal, 30% for top dressing, phosphate fertilizer, organic fertilizer, micro-fertilizer disposable base. In the field with large amount of straw returned, the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer was appropriately increased, and topdressing was appropriately reduced, and the total amount remained unchanged.
Apply base fertilizer. According to the local wheat soil testing and formulating recommended fertilization program, the proportion of organic and inorganic fertilizers should be coordinated, and micronutrients should be appropriately added in areas where trace elements are lacking. The amount of application, generally per acre to apply farmyard manure 1000-1500 kilograms or commodity organic fertilizer 150-200 kilograms, wheat formula fertilizer or high nutrient content of 30-50 kilograms (combined) fertilizer. The method of application, sowing wheat with seed fertilizer simulcast, along with large-scale sowing machinery, rotary tillage, fertilization, sowing together; spread the wheat before spreading the fertilizer evenly on the surface, and then ploughing, soil leveling, sowing.
Because of seedlings and fertilizers. Areas where wheat seedlings grow weakly before winter and basal fertilizers and young fertilizers are insufficient can be supplemented with wax fertilizers during wintering. The number of tillers is less, and the heart of the wheat in the returning green period is born slowly, the leaf shape is thin and the leaf color is yellow, and the field where the fertilization is insufficient before winter and the soil is poor should be applied to the green manure. The application amount is generally 4-5 kg ​​per mu of urea. Potash or 5-8 kg of potassium chloride can be topdressed per acre without applying potassium fertilizer or under-used fields before sowing. Application methods, according to the lyrical conditions of the implementation of the application or flooding rain, irrigation conditions can be combined with irrigation irrigation fertilization.
Pu Shi pulls up the fertilizer. Fertilization at the jointing stage can increase tiller success rate and increase grain number per panicle. The application amount is generally 8-10 kg per acre urea or 10-15 kg high nitrogen compound (combined) fertilizer. The application period is generally applied at the mid-to-mid-March period when the wheat is fixed in the first internode, the second internode is started to elongate, the leaf color is faded, and the invalid childbirth dies. The three types of seedlings that have been returned to green manure and part of the first and second types of seedlings have been postponed until late March to early April. The method of application is to apply mechanically topdressing in barley field crops or applying single-leg planting and artificial ditching, and then cover the soil after application; in the absence of rain or sensation, apply fertilizer first and then use micro-spray irrigation; Irrigation conditions of rice buckwheat and barley irrigation conditions of dry buckwheat can be combined with furrow irrigation fertilization.
Apply Shi grain fertilizer. For heading yellowing and dry-tip defertilization and premature-decay wheat fields after heading, timely application of ear-grain fertilizer should be carried out with 2-3 kg of urea per acre or a high-concentration compound fertilizer. 45% content) 5-6 kg. In the late growth stage of wheat, it can be combined with “one spray and three defenses†for foliar dressing. From the booting stage of the flag to the initial stage of grain filling, spray 50-60 kg of urea solution with a concentration of 1%-2% per acre, or add 0.2%- 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution prevents premature aging and increases grain weight. Spraying time is best carried out after 4:00 pm on sunny days, and should be sprayed once in case of rain within 24 hours after spraying. Intermittent spray 7-10 days, the better.
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