The purchase price of piglets is 500 yuan per head, and the price of pigs that have risen to 200 catties is 450 pounds of feed, which is about 540 yuan, plus management, transportation, hydropower, and epidemic prevention costs, totaling 1,200 yuan. The current purchase price of 200 yuan for a Sanyuan pig (Reporter's Note: a breed of pig) is 850 yuan, and each pig loses nearly 400 yuan. ) The total loss this year is expected to exceed 60,000 yuan. The free-feeding 300 kg full-rate material, 200 kg body weight, 4 to 5 months of slaughter, and no disease, "Pig food prices" is a special indicator used by the pig breeding industry to measure the profitability of pigs, that is, per catty. The ratio of live pig prices to the price of food for each catty of feed. General feed grain has two main components, one is corn, which accounts for about 70%, and the other is soybean meal, which accounts for about 20% to 30%. The 5.5-to-l concept is the ratio of 5.5 kg of corn to 1 kg of pork, which is the basic point of balance of raising pigs. Above this point, there is profit. Below this point, there is a loss. According to another calculation, if the pig-to-food ratio is 6:1, the net profit margin of farmers is between 5% and 7%.
First, piglet costs.
On the current market price point of view, selling a 110 kilogram fat pig, income 1540 yuan, and piglets will cost 500 yuan, accounting for 32.4% of income. If it is self-cultivation and self-support, it can reduce costs by 15%. Raising a sow costs 4000-4,500 yuan a year, and can provide 15-20 piglets at a cost of 220-280 yuan per piglet. Therefore, the best conditions for self-cultivation are best.
Second, feed costs.
At the present stage, the feed price of finished milk and piglets is 3.6-3.7 yuan per kilogram, the feed for finishing pigs is 3.2 yuan per kilogram, and the average price is 3.4 yuan per kilogram. The raising of a pig generally requires monthly 280-300 kg of feed, the cost of 950-1000 yuan, accounting for 61.7-65% of income. If self-provisioned feed, it costs 2.8 yuan per kilogram, which can reduce the cost by 13%. This shows that self-matched feeds are worthwhile. At the same time, green feed and tuber feeds should be grown more, which can greatly reduce feed costs.
Third, the operating costs of raising pigs.
First, the impact of facilities and equipment, according to the survey to build a 300-year-old pig farm, need to invest 200,000 yuan. Each pig costs about 700 yuan. If the scale is bigger, the cost will be higher. There is no long-term industrial enterprise for the investment of aquaculture companies. It is greatly affected by market demand. If it is built once, the service life is short and the cost is high. Therefore, according to their own actual situation, in line with local conditions, from small to large, rolling development; can also lease an idle orchard in the orchard; In addition, it is recommended that the national construction of the field, the owner of the lease, just like the farmers market, by a main contractor, The main sub-leasing booths can save costs and make full use of resources. With regard to the cost of hiring workers, the ratio of scale operation to the number of employees should be appropriate. At present, a pig-raising worker needs 10,000 yuan a year to raise 500 pigs, and raising 600 heads and employing two workers will increase production costs.
Fourth, the impact of pig species on the cost.
The main reason is that the high-quality breeds grow fast, the feed remuneration is high, and the cost is lower; on the contrary, the local breeds are higher.
Fifth, the impact of feeding management.
(1) It is the location of the site. To select places where the transportation is cheap, cool in winter and cool in summer, and accessible to electricity and water, the production cost can be appropriately reduced.
(b) It is a scientific rearing; it includes scientific ingredients, reasonable feeding methods, piglet early feeding, etc.
(III) Strengthen management: Including timely mating, reasonable grouping, protection against cold, heat preservation and cooling, etc. all have a direct impact on the level of production costs.
Six, epidemic prevention.
According to reports, the normal prevention fees, deworming fees, and quarantine fees for a current pig are 17-20 yuan. If an epidemic occurs, medical expenses will increase and the cost will increase. Generally speaking, the incidence of finishing pigs in farms is about 5%, the mortality rate is about 2%, the incidence of piglets is about 12-15%, and the death rate is about 7-8%. Therefore, the prevention of disease prevention and control to reduce morbidity and mortality can still reduce production costs. At the same time, if the state can reduce the immunization fees and quarantine fees, it can also reduce production expenditures and increase aquaculture income.
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