Nitrogen deficiency: The shoots are short and fine, the cortex is red or brown, the spring leaves are small, grayish green, and it turns yellow from the old leaves of the basement in the summer and then spreads to the top of the shoots. Severe nitrogen-deficient young leaves are small, red-orange or purple, and they fall early. The petiole and veins may appear red, and the petiole and branchlets become smaller. Flower buds and flowers are less, the fruit is small, early coloring, easy to ripen, and early fall.
Phosphorus deficiency: leaves are sparse, small and thin, dark green, leaf veins on the petiole and leaf surface are purple-red, branches are short and thin, branches and leaves are significantly reduced, the fruit is small. When phosphorus is severely depleted, yellow, green or dark green spots appear in the old leaves. The shoots are thin, the flower buds are few, and the fruit is small. The cold resistance of the fruit trees is poor.
Deficiency of potassium: The leaves are scorched and blue-green. When the potassium is mild or moderate, only leaf margins are scorch and dark purple. If there is severe shortage of potassium, the entire leaf is scorched. This phenomenon starts from the middle or middle-lower part of the new shoot and then expands in both directions toward the top and base. The leaves are not scorched, wrinkles and curls occur, yellowing occurs between veins, and after the leaves dry, they can hang on the branches for a long time.
Calcium deficiency: The apple tree is deficient in calcium and it first responds to the root system. The new roots stopped growing prematurely, the root system was short and inflated, and there was a strong phenomenon of new roots. The first step was to stop growth at the root tip, but the cortex continued to thicken. A lot of radicles appeared near the root tip. The new root gradually withered from the root tip, and the dead part regenerated with many new roots. Mature trees are deficient in calcium, and on the branchlets, young leaves first fade and necrotic spots appear. The edge and tip of the leaves are sometimes curled downwards. The color of the faded part is yellow-green, and turns dark brown within a day or two.
Magnesium deficiency: Young leaves on the top of the juvenile tree gradually become chlorotic, and pale green or gray-green spots appear between the veins of the mature leaves at the base of the shoot. Deciduous leaves begin with the old leaves and then quickly spread to the top, leaving only thin, pale green leaves. Adult-age diseased leaves are not as easy to fall off as young trees. Necrotic spots may occur on short fruit branches and leaves on new shoots. Branches are thin and easy to bend. In severe cases, dry shoots may occur in winter. Fruits do not mature normally, and fruit is small. Poor coloring, no fragrance.
Boron deficiency: When the early spring begins to grow, it will shoot dry. By the end of the summer, the leaves of the new shoot will turn brown, and the petiole will turn red. The entire leaf will become convex or distorted. Necrotic areas appear at the tips and edges of the leaves. The typical symptom is a small necrotic area in the phloem and the formation layer at the tip of the shoot, which gradually enlarges until the new shoot shoots to death from the top. Boron-deficient fruit can form a "corked layer" in any part of the fruit. Initially, the water-soaked area appeared in the flesh, and soon it turned brown and dried, forming a cork.
Zinc Deficiency: In the spring the top of the shoot has some small, hard, sometimes variegated leaves. Other parts of the new shoot may not have leaves for a long time. Later on, new shoots will be made under the affected branch. At the beginning, normal leaves can form, and gradually become narrow again, giving rise to spotting. In addition, zinc deficiency reduced flower buds, fruit size, malformation, and poor development.
Iron deficiency: The tips of the new shoots turn yellow-white at first and then expand downwards, but there are no spots on the leaves. The iron-depleted leaves remain green only near the main veins and veinlets. The rest of the leaves are bleached. The leaf vascular system is reticulated, showing a vivid green color under the lime-yellow background, and sometimes veinlets also lose their greenness. When the iron deficiency is severe, the edges of the leaves dry up and turn brown and die. The growth of new shoots is hindered and sometimes shoots appear.
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