With the continuous development of the market economy, the development prospects of the aquaculture industry are getting better and better. Especially in the pig industry, the economic benefits are very considerable. In order to increase the number of sows' farrowing, the number of litters, the number of litters, the weight of weaning, and the weight of weaning, The survival rate, daily gain, feed ratio, and slaughter rate of piglets require a series of comprehensive measures. First of all, it is necessary to do a good job of rearing and management of gilts, and then we must do a good job of feeding and management of pregnant sows, and finally do a good job. Feeding and management of lactating sows.
1 Feeding management of gilts
Choose good breeds, fast growth, more nipples (14 or more), sows with strong disease resistance as gilts, and breeding when the weight reaches 90-100kg.
1.1 Feeding management of 20-50kg gilts
The gilts and commercial pigs in this stage have little difference in feeding and management, and it is necessary to ensure adequate nutrition for the gilts.
1.2 Feeding management of 50-80kg gilts
1.2.1 At this stage, the sows' diet should contain high levels of vitamins, especially vitamins A, D, E, and choline, biotin and folic acid to improve the storage of vitamins in the body. Preparation for ~5 years of production.
1.2.2 In addition to adding vitamins, trace elements such as copper, iron, zinc, manganese, chromium, and iodine should also be added to improve sow reproductive performance. However, these trace elements must be fed to the rearing sow and continue throughout the life cycle.
1.2.3 In order to prevent the inconvenience caused by lack of calcium in the sow after weaning, ensure that the sow's feed contains enough calcium and phosphorus to ensure the deposition of calcium and phosphorus in the bone and ensure the strength of the bone. Therefore, the calcium and phosphorus levels in sow diets are higher than the 0.1% of commercial pigs.
1.3 Feeding management from 80kg to breeding stage
1.3.1 Postpone two estrus periods and weigh between 90 and 100kg and then bred.
1.3.2 Appropriate increase in the amount of feed during gestation, so that when the first gilt is delivered to the first litter to achieve body condition requirements, otherwise affect the sow lactation.
2 Feeding management of pregnant sows
2.1 Early pregnancy
That is, after 1-14 days of mating, the focus of this period is to increase the survival rate of the embryo. Within 3 weeks after mating, it is the key time for the fertilized egg to be released and attached to the uterine horn. The endocrine system is in an adjusted state and sensitive to external stimuli. If there is stress, it will interfere with secretion of endocrine hormones, affect embryo implantation and increase embryo mortality. In addition, the supply of large amounts of high-energy feeds enhances metabolic function and increases the secretion of adrenal hormones, thereby affecting hormone secretion and killing embryos. Therefore, early pregnancy should avoid any external stimuli, while feeding low-energy low-protein diet to improve the survival rate of embryos.
2.2 Mid-pregnancy
Pregnancy 14 to 100 days, from the third week after breeding to the four weeks before the birth, is the need for meiosis, differentiation, and early growth of embryonic cells, usually as long as the growth of the sow is maintained at 50g per day. Therefore, it is appropriate to feed medium-nutrition level feeds, and it is generally advisable to feed 2.0-2.5 kg feeds per day. Excessive feeding not only wastes feed, increases costs, but also increases the metabolic burden of sows. In addition, excessive feeding and long-term feeding during pregnancy can cause post-partum anorexia and decrease feed intake, which leads to a decrease in sow's weightlessness and lactation, which affects piglet growth and sow's post-production capacity. In addition, this stage should also reduce the stress response to sows, provide sows with a clean, hygienic, comfortable and quiet place, and be cool in winter and cool in summer.
2.3 Late pregnancy
Pregnancy 101 ~ 114d, this phase is the fastest growing stage of the fetus, the sow's nutritional needs is the largest. Sow nutrition levels are insufficient and the amount of feeding is insufficient, the sows will suffer back loss. At this point, the best condition for feeding the pigs is to feed the pigs. The daily feed should be increased by 1.5 kg on the basis of the second trimester to meet the need for a significant increase in fetal weight and the need for lactation after sow delivery. According to the data, the weight of embryos was only 2g at 30 days of pregnancy, accounting for 0.15% of the birth weight; at 80 days of pregnancy, the weight of each embryo was 400g, accounting for 29% of the primary weight; after 80 days, the calculation was based on 1400g of primary students, and each fetus increased. It weighs 1000g, accounting for 70% of the birth weight.
Visible, late pregnancy is a critical period of fetal weight gain, so increase nutrition and feed intake is necessary, but it should be noted that, 2d before delivery and 2d after childbirth, should stop increasing feed intake, daily feed intake reduced to 1.5 to 2kg, even on the day of childbirth, reduced to 1kg or fed a small amount of digestible dilute food. In order to prevent the sow from overfeeding, the mammary glands are constrained and the lactation is affected, resulting in mastitis. Gradually increase feed intake 1 to 2 days after childbirth. At the same time, we must keep the nipples clean and prevent diarrhea in piglets.
3 Feeding management of nursing sows
Sows must be fed with high-nutrition feed during lactation, try to eat sows as much as possible, reach 7kg daily, cp≥16%, and lysine content should be at least 60g, because lysine can increase milk production of sows. Volume, otherwise, insufficient feed intake, decreased milk production, decreased weaning weight of sows, too much weight loss for sows, delayed estrus. Whether it is a primiparous sow or a sow, the postpartum increase of sow feed intake is very important, it can increase milk yield, improve production performance, reduce sow culling rate. Therefore, the following measures can be taken for nursing sows to increase feed intake, increase milking ability of sows, increase survival rate of piglets, resistance to disease, and slaughter.
3.1 Improve feed nutrient levels and conditional feed for pigs.
3.2 Do not feed too much 2 days before delivery and 2 days after delivery to prevent the sow from mastitis or anorexia.
3.3 Drink sow water to sows postpartum to prevent mouth feeding.
3.4 Feed 5 times a day, one of which is performed at night.
3.5 Postpartum sows are provided with sufficient drinking water. If the drinking water is not sufficient, it will result in a decrease in feed intake and a decrease in milk production. As the sow’s lactation levels decline, piglets are prone to diarrhea.
The above are the key points for raising a sow and improving the production performance. Each link can not be ignored. Only in this way can the maximum production performance of the sow be achieved in order to obtain the highest economic benefits.
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