Every season, crops take away a large amount of nutrients from the soil. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other mineral elements can be supplemented by fertilization. However, organic matter can hardly be supplemented by chemical methods. It can only pass through and increase farm manure and straw. Tian et al. However, there are many ways to return straw to the field. What type of straw should be returned to the farm should be adapted to local conditions and weigh the pros and cons. The author briefly introduces the five common methods of returning straw to the field and their respective advantages and disadvantages for reference.
1. Straw crushed and pressed back to field. This method is through the mechanical crushing, arable land, directly over the orange stalk pressure in the soil. This can fully retain the nutrients of the straw in the soil, but there are also deficiencies, mainly as follows:
(1) Due to excessive or uneven straw returning, it is prone to the contradiction between soil microorganisms (that is, straw-converting microorganisms) and crop seedlings competing for nutrients, and even yellow seedlings, dead seedlings, and production cuts.
(2) After the straw is turned into the soil, the soil becomes too loose, which can cause the soil and seeds to be in close contact and affect the seed germination and growth.
(3) Some pests and diseases such as eggs and bacteria in the straw cannot be killed during direct comminution of the dried culm, and remain in the soil after returning to the field.
(4) At present, the cost of returning straw machinery to a farmer is high.
2. Straw mulching back to field. In this way, the straw is directly covered on the ground after being crushed. This can reduce the evaporation of soil moisture, to achieve the purpose of conservation, increase soil organic matter after rot. However, this will cause inconvenience to irrigation, waste of water resources, and serious impact on sowing.
3. Stacking and returning fields. After the straw is fully decomposed by high temperature, it is applied to the soil. This form of returning to fields facilitates the absorption of the plants. However, this form of work is time-consuming, time-consuming and space-consuming.
4. Incineration returning field. That is, the straw is returned to the field directly after it is burned. This type of incineration causes waste of resources, environmental pollution, and ecological destruction.
5. Abdominal return to the field. The straw is used as a feed to digest and absorb some of the nutrients in the animal's abdomen and apply it to the soil in the form of feces.
Whether straw shall be returned to the field or not shall be determined according to the actual conditions of local and local households. It must not be implemented in the same way. In addition, if the local animal husbandry develops well and there is a lack of forage, it is not appropriate to promote and implement straw returning measures. Because straw is a good feed for livestock, using straw to feed livestock can greatly reduce the cost of feed and make livestock safe for winter. Spring is difficult to promote the development of animal husbandry.
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