Triterpenoids are a type of omnivorous economic fish that are mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, Heilongjiang, and the eastern coastal waters. Triangulation is a freshwater fish living in the middle and lower layers. It inhabits the silt and the still water of submerged plants. Rivers and lakes can grow and reproduce. The temperature range is wide, and it is not tolerant of hypoxia, requiring relatively thin water quality. Triangular oysters have many characteristics such as beautiful appearance, complex feeding habits, rapid growth, large and thick meat, tender meat, rich nutrition, strong adaptability, and few diseases. They are treasures of freshwater fish. The verses of the “Must of the Riverâ€, with extremely high economic value, is the main edible freshwater fish in the Yangtze River basin. After development and breeding, it becomes an ideal breed for breeding. First, the artificial breeding technology of triangular oysters 1. Prenatal culture of broodstock after the winter from March to April, more than 2 years of triangular fleas, fish weighing more than 0.5kg, the largest individual 1kg, generally reached sexual maturity, the pond water to maintain a certain Fertilizer, from April, flush water once a week, flush water once a day 10 days before delivery to stimulate broodstock sexual maturity; feed high-quality tilapia pellet feed, protein requirements 28% to 32%, 2 times daily vote, cast The bait rate is 3.0% to 5.0% of the fish's body weight. It is sufficient to ensure feeding, malt is fed once every 2 to 3 days, and the broodstock is sexually matured; the excellent water quality is maintained and the lack of oxygen is prevented. 2. Selection of broodstock After 1 month of prenatal training, broodstock is fully mature. When catching broodstock, the trigeminus is very susceptible to injury and desalination. The operation must be very careful. Choose individuals who grow fast, are strong, have high fleshy, no deformity, no disability, good maturity, and weigh more than 0.5 kg. The main features of the appearance of sexually mature broodstock are the "star of the bead" on the head of the male fish, a rough feel in the hands, a flat belly, milky white semen flowing from the abdomen under light pressure, and no "stars" on the female head, smooth hand touch, and abdomen. Swelling is soft and the outline of the ovaries is obvious (note that the satiety of the satiety is also very similar), and the vents are reddish. The ratio of male to female is 1:1. After selecting the broodstock, 30ppm povidone-iodine solution (1% effective iodine) was bathed for 5min to disinfect the broodstock. 3. Aphrodisiac spawning When the water temperature reaches 20 °C hormone hormone artificial oxytocin, the hormone used in line with "NY5071-2002 pollution-free food and fishery drugs use guidelines", the hormone and dose used: female fish LRH-A15 ~ 20μg/kg The doses of fish and male fish were halved. One injection was used. The effect time was 6-8 hours. If the water temperature is lower or the broodstock is poorly matured, two-needle injections may be used. The first needle, the female will inject the entire amount of 1/3 to 1/4, the second needle will be injected every 8 to 10 hours, and the male will inject the second needle to the female. When injected full amount. 4. The timing of natural fertilization injection hormones is from 17:00 to 19:00. After the injection, the broodstock will be placed in an area of ​​10m2 cement pool. About 10 pairs of broodstock will be placed in each pond. The pool water shall be made of thin pond water with a water depth of 40-60cm. The small water pump shall be used to impact the water to form microfluidic water. The fish nest shall be set in the water. Disinfect the roots or nets of disinfected water lotus, and set up shading facilities in the fish nest area. On the early morning of the following day, the oysters lay their eggs on the nest. 5. Artificial insemination broodstock injection hormone time 22:00 ~ 23:00, the next day 6:00, check the female fish, if the abdominal pressure eggs can flow out, then immediately artificial insemination, we use dry insemination. One person grabbed the broodstock, another used a dry towel to wipe off water droplets on the fish's body, and then squeezed the eggs into the dry basin. After the eggs of the 2 females were squeezed into the basin, they immediately used the same method to the basin. Eggs are squeezed into the semen of 2 male fish, and gently stir with feathers for about 1 to 2 minutes so that the eggs are fully mixed, then slowly add 10% to 15% of the concentration of talc suspension, while stirring while pouring, then pour out the upper layer Semen, and then repeat the operation 2 or 3 times, that is to achieve detackification, and moved into the ring of hatching fish hatch. 6. The incubation water for hatching fry requires fresh and thin, with a pH of 7.0 to 7.5. It is filtered through 80 mesh bags to prevent entry of predator organisms, and the dissolved oxygen in the hatching water is not lower than 4.5 mg/L. The broodstock naturally spawns in the cement pool and catches the broodstock after spawning. Let the fertilized eggs stuck to the fish nest naturally hatch. With a small water pump to increase oxygen and micro-flow water, if the number of eggs is large and the density is high, you need to set up gas in the water body to increase oxygen and incubate in loops. 7. Cultivation of larvae Newly hatched larvae, about 2.5 mm in length, are bred with their own yolk sac. Water temperature 26 °C ~ 28 °C, hatched 2 ~ 3d after the full-length has reached 3.2mm or so, then began to feed, we must feed in time through 40 mesh filter plankton or artificial bait, Plankton is mainly rotifers, Live larvae such as cladocera and copepod larvae use egg yolk or soy milk for artificial diets. The amount of soybean milk used was 0.1 to 0.2 kg soybean milk per 10,000 fish fry. Feed 3 times daily and feed at 7:00 to 8:00, 11:00 to 12:00 and 17:00 respectively. During the cultivation, shading facilities were set up in the area of ​​1/2 of the water body, and the water continued to increase oxygen. After 6 to 7 days after fry hatching, the fry is 6-7mm in length. When the fry is free to swim and colonize, it can count out of the pond and move to pond for cultivation. 8. Ponds for fry cultivation Use ponds with an area of ​​0.2 hm?2. Fish fry for 15 days before stocking, use 75 to 100 kg of lime per acre to disinfect ponds. Bleach can also be used. The amount is 8 to 15 kg/667 m2. After disinfection, 100 kg/667 m2 of manure is applied. , 2~3d after the injection of water 70 ~ 80cm, 1 week after the water injection, the water color is green, rotifers reach the peak, you can put a small amount of trifolium seedlings to the ready pond test water 1d, safe test after the water, put the seedlings 10 ~ 130,000 tails/667 m2, with seedlings in the upper wind, the temperature difference between water temperature does not exceed 3°C. Feeding soybean meal or Other powdered feed, whole pond feeding, more investment in the upper wind, less investment in the wind, feeding 2 times a day, early and late feeding. Set up inspection nets to check the fish’s food intake and growth and adjust management measures in a timely manner. Take a patrol of the pond three times a day to check whether the fish floats; clear frog eggs, or other harmful insects and larvae, and observe the activities of the water color and fry. During the cultivation period, water injection is performed once every 5 to 7 days to keep the pond water fat, live, tender and cool. The water depth was maintained at 70-80cm in the early stage and gradually deepened to 1.2m. Fry cultivation about 20d, in mid-May can be out of the pond, fry generally grow to 4.5cm, survival rate of 80% to 90%, large and neat specifications, fry can be out of the standard or grow. Second, the triangular pond high-yielding aquaculture technology (a) pre-stocking preparation 1. The choice of pond selection of adequate water, fresh water, drainage and irrigation facilities, no domestic sewage into the micro-mud sediment pond, area 0.3 ~ 0.6hm2, Water depth of 2 ~ 3m, less silt of the pond is appropriate. 2. Treatment of Ponds In the ponds prepared for stocking the oysters, 75 to 100 kg of quicklime is used to splash the entire pond to kill the original pathogens of the pond or kill the wild fish in the original pond. After a week of exposure, put fresh water into the water to a depth of about 1m and then raise fry. (II) Stocking of pond fry 1 Selection of fish fry Without damage to body surface, strong in physique, full of fish, 8~9cm fry in uniform size, 5% saline or 5 to 10 ml/L of permanganate After the potassium solution is immersed, put it into the pond. 2. Stocking density The pond where the main puffer fish is raised can be stocked with a small amount of bonito, mackerel, or mackerel. The general stocking density is 8 to 9 cm in size 1 000 to 1 500 fishes per 667 m2, carp 9 to 10cm specifications 100 tail / 667m2, specifications for the 10cm carp seedlings 150 ~ 200 / 667m2, carp 300 / 667m2 or so is appropriate. (III) Feeding and Management 1. Water quality adjustment The triangle bowl likes fresh water, its transparency is kept at 30-40cm, dissolved oxygen is at 5.5mg/L, and pH is between 7-8. Generally feeding high-density breeding water can easily become fat. The week can be about 30cm old water, and then put new water, so that the same water depth of the pond, keep the water quality of the pool fresh. 2. Feeding and feeding in the pond to set food table, regular release of peanut bran, wheat bran, artificial pellet feed or green feed, feed in the low temperature season before May is 2% to 3% of pond fish weight, from June to October The feeding amount was 3% to 4% of the total weight of the fish. In November, it was fed according to the feeding conditions of fish and fish ponds. 3. Day-to-day management Adhere to the morning and evening patrol ponds, observe the growth and feeding conditions of fish schools, open aerators in due course, pay attention to weather, water quality, and fish activity to avoid floating heads. Ensure that the water is refreshed and fresh water is added at the appropriate time. 4. Disease prevention and control of fishy diseases Trichophytonia has strong resistance to diseases. As long as it adheres to the principle of prevention, the clear ponds and fish fry should be disinfected before releasing seedlings. Fish diseases rarely occur, even if there are fish diseases. The method of prevention and control of common fish is basically similar.
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