Many fruit growers are now accustomed to fertilizing in March, June and September, and due to the end of pruning in March, the operation is convenient and the fertilization is the most. However, the practice over the years has proved that this fertilizer has many defects and should be corrected.
One of the most striking features of deciduous fruit trees that distinguish it from field crops is the ability to store nutrients, which serves as a link between the two. During the period from fruit harvest to deciduous period, the nutrient produced by the leaves is mainly stored in roots and stems. Before the spring sprouts, the sap begins to flow, first mobilizing the storage nutrients for flowering, fruit setting, and rooting. Until the short-term stop, the whole tree was changed to use the nutrition of the year. If there is insufficient storage nutrition, it will inevitably aggravate the contradiction between vegetative growth and reproductive growth. Therefore, the lack of storage nutrition plays a crucial role in the high yield and stable production of deciduous fruit trees. From this point of view, how to take measures to increase the storage of nutrients in fruit trees to buffer the conflict between flowering, fruit setting and branching and leaf spreading, and to increase fruit setting rate are the primary tasks for fruit tree cultivation.
Early autumn base fertilizer is one of the most reliable and effective measures to improve storage nutrition. On the one hand, at this time the tree is in a nutritionally deprived state, and it is necessary to add nutrients in a timely manner to improve the nutrient status of the tree and reduce defoliation. On the other hand, from September to October, there is a growth peak in the roots of fruit trees, at which point the roots are easily healed. At this time, there is no obvious growth center in the tree, and most of the nutrients absorbed are stored in roots and stems, which will not cause the tree to continue growing. The fruit tree's root system is not naturally dormant. As long as the external conditions are appropriate, it is active. Only when the external conditions cannot meet its growth conditions is it forced to sleep. Therefore, the earlier the basal fertilizer is applied, the longer the root activity will be, and the more beneficial to the increase of storage nutrition.
Most of the fruit growers are often dragged to winter and even early spring fertilization due to reasons such as unrecovered fruits. As a result, the trees return to luxuriant growth, and the size of the trees is very serious. Because of the low temperature in winter and spring fertilization, weak root activity, and low fertilizer efficiency, the effect of fertilization is very poor at this time.
There are obvious growth centers (new shoots and new roots) in the spring fruit trees. They play an important role in the exchange of the two poles (ie, the nutrients produced by Wang shoot can be transported to the root system, and the nutrients absorbed by the root system have priority to supply long shoots). This will inevitably aggravate the contradiction between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, affect fruit setting and yield, and cause tree growth. And basal fertilizers are generally dominated by organic fertilizers, supplemented by compound fertilizers, fungus fertilizers, etc. Organic fertilizers are characterized by long-term fertilizer effects and relatively comprehensive nutrition. Winter and spring temperatures are low, and effective nutrient release is slow. With the rise of ground temperature and the arrival of rainfall, the nutrient release rate is accelerated. By the end of May and June, the fertilizer efficiency reached its peak. At this time, it is the critical period of flower bud differentiation of fruit trees. The normal stop length of spring shoots is conducive to the transformation of flower buds. The application of organic fertilizer in winter and spring at this time is the highest fertilizer efficiency, it is not conducive to the timely stop of spring shoots and flower bud differentiation. Therefore, the autumn basal fat was.
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