Gingiva is a cold-water species near the shore of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. It belongs to benthic fish and settled in a certain area all year round. There is no long-distance migration habit. Gingiva is a carnivorous fish that grows in the natural sea area mainly for salmon, scorpion, small goby, squid and talons. Usually lay on the seabed, agile when preying. The optimum temperature range of the gingiva is 2-27°C, the optimum growth temperature is 12-23°C, the suitable salt range is 12-31 ‰, and it is mainly distributed in the bottom water temperature range of 4-12°C throughout the year.
Gum artificial breeding Britain, Japan, South Korea and other countries have been studying for many years and obtained successful breeding experience. China's gum farming is mainly factory culture. At present, Shandong Province, Hebei Province, and Liaoning Province all have large-scale factory farms. Compared with factory culture, pond culture has the characteristics of less investment and simple operation.
I. Pond conditions The structure of the gingival culture pond is comparable to that of the prawn culture pool, and the original prawn culture pond can also be used. The shape of the pond is preferably a rectangle. Both ends are provided with sluice gates and drain gates, which are convenient for drainage and drainage. The sediment quality is better with muddy or sandy mud. It requires less silt and good water quality, no pollution, and the bottom of the pool should be flat. The area is about 5-20 mu and the water depth is 1.5-2 meters.
1. Qingchi Disinfection: If it is an old shrimp pond, it should be dredged and exposed so that the black mud of the mud can be fully oxidized and decomposed. Disinfect the bottom of the pool with 50-60 kg/mu of quick lime.
2. Water intake: In April, the CPC Central Committee entered the water supply in the middle of the year and applied organic manure and water to make the basic bait in the pool proliferate. Water quality indicators, water temperature above 15°C, salinity 15-32%, PH value between 7.8-8.6, dissolved oxygen greater than 4 mg/L, no other industrial pollution and harmful substances exist.
Second, when the seedlings are released on time, if they are too early, the water temperature is low and growth is slow, increasing the cost. If it is too late, the growth period of the fish will be delayed so that the fish will not reach the specifications to be sold. In mid-May, the healthy fish species with no other symptoms were selected after the body surface was selected without damage, no scales, and sensitivity to stimuli. Before the fish were put into the tank, they were dipped in a 2.0 ppm aqueous solution of chloramphenicol for 1-2 minutes. Put 150-300 gums per mu, tail weight must be around 125-150 grams, that is, through the indoor wintering species. After more than 6 months of pond cultivation, up to 500 grams can be grown in November, and the survival rate can be over 85%.
Third, aquaculture management
1, feeding bait: fish to fish, jade fish, called fish, plum baby fish, etc., no special processing when feeding, just thaw, clean, feed it. Should be gradually domesticated to the designated place to feed, easy to observe the fish's feeding, growth, prevention and treatment of disease. The specific operation is to first select a location as a feeding site for gums (conditions: depth of about 1.5 meters, flat, no debris, good water quality). When feeding, first use a small boat to bait along the pool, then approach the scheduled place and move it 5-6 meters each time. Usually after 5-20 days, the fish can be lured to the designated place to feed and feed. There is still a small amount of fish that does not cluster in 6 days. At this time, it can feed 3 to 4 consecutive months without feeding, and then a small amount of feeding will attract the gums to feed. When the big fish clusters, they will have more shots, even if they like the gums of the bottom layer. You can also grab food on the same surface. And once the feeding time is reached, a large number of gums will linger at the feeding site. Feed twice a day. The amount fed is 5-7% of the body weight of the fish. The specific amount of feed should be changed every 20 days based on the measured body weight.
2. Water quality management: Control of water quality during the entire fish farming period. There should not be a large row and the pool water should be exchanged every 10-15 days. Each exchange is 1/3 of the pool water. Always keep the pool water in good condition. The water color is yellowish green and the transparency of the oily green water is about 30 centimeters. The water quality is relatively strong, but it is not turbid, and the dissolved oxygen is sufficient, which is conducive to the feeding and growth of the gums, and is not susceptible to scaring. . In aquaculture production, it is important not to make the growth environment change too much and affect the growth of fish. In the hot season of July-August, the pool water level should be raised as much as possible, the pool water should be pumped once every 5-7 times, and the corresponding exchange volume should be determined according to the specific water quality conditions.
3, daily management
Fourth, disease prevention in the gum culture, the fish disease has always insisted on prevention, treatment supplemented by the policy. In the months of June-September, baits are fed once every 15-20 days for 3-5 consecutive days. The preparation method of the bait is: first pound the flour into a paste, wait until it is slightly cold, mix it with 2-3 terramycin or chloramphenicol and furazolidone and mix it with fresh fish. Feed it.
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