Soybeans and peanuts are also major oil crops in China. Their basic feature is the ability to fix nitrogen in the air and the amount of nitrogen can be greatly reduced. At the seedling stage, the root nodule still has no nitrogen fixing ability and nitrogen is needed. In addition, when the soil is relatively thin, or there are other undesirable factors, the nodule may also be stunted. In these cases, the nitrogen fixation can not meet the needs of growth and development, and some nitrogen fertilizer is still required.
Since peanuts and soybeans can fix nitrogen to some extent, the supply of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, at least in terms of quantity, exceeds that of nitrogen fertilizers. This is a common feature of fertilization of legumes.
Soybean planting area is mostly in the north, especially the northeast region is China's major soybean production area, and the large area of ​​the south peanuts, in these areas have a large area of ​​phosphorus-deficient soil, so whether it is peanuts or soybeans, phosphate fertilizer is the main Fertilizer. In general, the application of phosphate fertilizer in the north should be water-soluble, such as general through the calcium phosphate, the South can be applied citric acid-soluble phosphate fertilizer, such as calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. In acidic soils, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate fertilizers can be used more efficiently than calcium phosphate, because it contains not only phosphorus but also calcium and magnesium. This is a nutrient that is often lacking in acidic soils.
Regardless of the south or the north, if the phosphate fertilizer and the decomposed organic fertilizer are mixed and applied, the effect of the phosphate fertilizer can be significantly improved. The general mixing ratio is 1 to 5-10, that is, 1 part of phosphate fertilizer plus 5-10 parts of organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer must be matured with good quality, rather than ordinary earthworm.
When peanuts and soybeans are grown in the north, farmers often use some ash. The use of plant ash can improve the balance of potassium and prevent the consumption of too much potassium in the soil. However, when using turfgrass, attention should be paid to mixing with other fertilizers (chemical fertilizers other than potash or organic fertilizers such as manure and mixed human waste). May cause nitrogen loss and phosphorus degradation.
Soybean or peanut, in the general fertility of the soil, the fertilizer used as base fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus ratio can be maintained in the range of 1 to 2, which is a copy of nitrogen (not nitrogen fertilizer) two parts of phosphorus. For example, if 60 kg (P2O5) per hectare (ie 4 kg per mu), 30 kg of nitrogen can be applied per hectare (ie, 2 kg per mu). If the amount of organic fertilizer applied is large, the amount of fertilizer can be appropriately reduced.
When the basal fertilizer is less or the soil fertility is low, part of the nitrogen fertilizer may generally be applied at the early flowering stage, but the amount should not be too large, otherwise it may cause steep growth, but it is disadvantageous for seeding.
Some soils have insufficient supply of molybdenum, which can be sprayed with molybdenum fertilizer on peanuts and soybeans, or with molybdenum fertilizer. Such as seed dressing, available ammonium molybdate 10-20 grams, add a small amount of warm water to dissolve, add about 1 kilogram of water to make a concentration of 1-2% ammonium molybdate solution, spray evenly on the seed.
Such as spraying, can be carried out during the flowering period of soybeans. Generally, 40-50 grams of ammonium molybdate is added per 100 kg of water, and 375-450 kg (25-30 kg per mu) of solution can be sprayed per hectare.
When growing soybeans and peanuts on acidic soils, care should be taken to apply lime.
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