Penaeus vannamei is also known as white-limbed shrimp and white shrimp. The shrimp has a delicious taste, rapid growth, strong ability to resist environmental changes, and has less disease in dilute aquaculture. It is an excellent choice for ponds to adjust aquaculture structures, optimize aquaculture species, and improve the economic benefits of breeding. Variety. In order to improve the comprehensive technical level of lightly cultured Penaeus vannamei in mountain ponds, the author summarizes the successful experiences of some local farmers and combines the characteristics of mountainous ponds.
First, the setting and transformation of the pond
1. Pond conditions Most of the ponds in mountainous areas are shallow, small, thin, and leaky, and the ponds should be modified and trimmed. It requires fresh pond water, adequate water sources, no industrial and agricultural wastewater pollution, and less flat silt at the bottom of the pond, with an area of ​​3-5 acres and a pool depth of 1.5-2.0 meters. Each pond has an independent intake and drainage system, which is located at the opposite ends of the pool. The inlet and outlet openings must be filtered with a 60-mesh sieve to prevent wild fish, predators, and shrimp from fleeing. Every 3 mu of pond needs to be equipped with an aerator, and it is better to have a reservoir.
2. Disinfection of clear ponds Disinfection of clear ponds is one of the key measures to eliminate the enemy's harmful organisms in the pond, improve the pond environment, and ensure the success of shrimp rearing. For new ponds, advanced water soaking, and then disinfection; old ponds need to dry 2 days exposure, and then remove the excess fouling (reserve less than 10 cm) and weeds, and then disinfect. 20 cm of advanced water, soaked with tea seed cake 10-15 kg/mu, even after the slag Quanchiposa, 2-3 days after the foam pond drained; then into the water 30 cm, with lime 100-150 kg / mu Quanchiposa, Effectively eliminate pathogens and predators.
3. After thoroughly cultivating the basic bait, apply 100-150 kg/mu of fermented manure (chicken and pig manure) to cultivate water quality, and add water to 50-60 cm. After 7-10 days, the pool water is yellow-green or dark brown. With a transparency of 25-30 cm, the bait in the pond has been enriched and can be seeded.
4. Regulate the salinity of pool water 1-2 days prior to seedling use 500-600 kg/mu of non-toxic industrial salt to adjust the water salinity to between 1.25‰ and 1.5‰. During the middle and later stages of breeding, the pond salinity is gradually reduced by increasing the pond water level, and the salinity of the pool water is kept above 0.5 整个 for the whole breeding period, which is favorable to the growth and survival rate of Penaeus vannamei.
Second, the stocking of shrimp until the water temperature above 20 °C after the release of seedlings. More than 1 cm per acre of water surface specifications, normal color, strong vitality, after desalination to 1.5 ‰ below the white shrimp 150,000 -2.0 million. Choose sunny morning or late afternoon. After the shrimps are transported to the shrimp ponds, the seedling bags should be put into the shrimp ponds and then put into the pool after the water temperature is balanced so as to increase the survival rate of the shrimp seedlings. Each pond should be filled with the same batch of shrimp with the same specifications at the same time to avoid individual differences and affect the production effect.
Third, feeding technology Latin American white shrimp on the bait although the requirements are not high, but still need to pay attention to nutrition and scientific feeding, the entire breeding period to South American white shrimp special feed, to promote the rapid growth of shrimp.
After 15 days of stocking, the shrimp stocks are rich in water and only need to be supplemented with a small amount of formulated feed. The shrimp should be fed 2-3 times a day; afterwards, as the shrimp grows, the amount of feed should be increased accordingly and the grain should be fed accordingly. As for the shrimp, the daily feeding rate increased to 4-5 times (7:00, 11:00, 15:00, 19:00, 21:00). Due to the habit of nourishing the white shrimps in the South America, they cast less in the daytime, and the amount of bait accounted for 20%-30%. At night, the amount of bait was 70%-80%. Under normal circumstances, the amount of daily feeding is: before the weight of 10 grams, the amount of feeding 5%-6% of body weight; weight of 10-15 grams, the amount of bait accounted for 4.0-4.5% of body weight; weight of more than 20 grams, Feeding accounts for 2.5% to 3.0% of body weight.
In order to speed up the growth of shrimp seedlings, feed 1-2 times of fresh meat fish into the meat paste every week, and mix in vitamin C, E and cod liver oil properly to enhance the shrimp disease resistance. It is better to feed live bait in the evening.
Fourth, management measures
1. Scientifically changing the water The whole breeding process adopts a semi-enclosed cultivation method, ie, the water is gradually added to the maximum water level in the early stage of 15 meters. In the middle and later stages, a small amount of water is changed. Generally, the water is changed by about 20 centimeters every 10-15 days, and the water salt is adjusted at the same time. degree. If there is a reservoir, the salinity of the reservoir can be first adjusted to be consistent with the pond, and then the water can be directly added to the pond. Breeding fresh water during the whole period of the cultivation is beneficial to the survival of the shrimp. If the water quality is too fat, white tail chain adjustment can be added.
2, a reasonable adjustment of water quality Mountainous water more than acidic, water quality regulation should be strengthened. Every 10-15 days, the whole body is splashed with quick lime of 15-20 dry grams/mu, and the pH of the water body is adjusted to between 7.5-8.5. It also increases the calcium ion in the water, which is beneficial to the molting and growth of the white shrimp. In addition, “three-in-one water purification agentâ€, “dibromohydantoin†and “live enzyme†are regularly splashed to improve the water quality, create a good living environment for the shrimp, and promote its healthy growth.
3, timely oxygenation start aerator, maintain sufficient dissolved oxygen in water, required to reach 3-4 mg / liter. Normally, the daily aerator will be opened for 3-6 hours, and the rainy days and the later period of culture should be extended.
4. Strengthen the prevention of diseases by adopting the combination of drugs and biology to prevent diseases. The first is to add disease-preventing drugs in the feed, such as "anti-viral iodine", "shrimp used in Chinese herbal medicine", etc.; the second is to use tea seed cake 4-6 kg/mu soaked in Quanchiposa, 1-2 times a month, with Stimulate shrimp oyster shell, accelerate growth, and play a role in disease prevention and detoxification.
5, pay attention to daily management should strengthen the patrol pool inspection routinely, determine the water quality of the water body and the growth of shrimp, find problems in a timely manner and properly handle.
First, the setting and transformation of the pond
1. Pond conditions Most of the ponds in mountainous areas are shallow, small, thin, and leaky, and the ponds should be modified and trimmed. It requires fresh pond water, adequate water sources, no industrial and agricultural wastewater pollution, and less flat silt at the bottom of the pond, with an area of ​​3-5 acres and a pool depth of 1.5-2.0 meters. Each pond has an independent intake and drainage system, which is located at the opposite ends of the pool. The inlet and outlet openings must be filtered with a 60-mesh sieve to prevent wild fish, predators, and shrimp from fleeing. Every 3 mu of pond needs to be equipped with an aerator, and it is better to have a reservoir.
2. Disinfection of clear ponds Disinfection of clear ponds is one of the key measures to eliminate the enemy's harmful organisms in the pond, improve the pond environment, and ensure the success of shrimp rearing. For new ponds, advanced water soaking, and then disinfection; old ponds need to dry 2 days exposure, and then remove the excess fouling (reserve less than 10 cm) and weeds, and then disinfect. 20 cm of advanced water, soaked with tea seed cake 10-15 kg/mu, even after the slag Quanchiposa, 2-3 days after the foam pond drained; then into the water 30 cm, with lime 100-150 kg / mu Quanchiposa, Effectively eliminate pathogens and predators.
3. After thoroughly cultivating the basic bait, apply 100-150 kg/mu of fermented manure (chicken and pig manure) to cultivate water quality, and add water to 50-60 cm. After 7-10 days, the pool water is yellow-green or dark brown. With a transparency of 25-30 cm, the bait in the pond has been enriched and can be seeded.
4. Regulate the salinity of pool water 1-2 days prior to seedling use 500-600 kg/mu of non-toxic industrial salt to adjust the water salinity to between 1.25‰ and 1.5‰. During the middle and later stages of breeding, the pond salinity is gradually reduced by increasing the pond water level, and the salinity of the pool water is kept above 0.5 整个 for the whole breeding period, which is favorable to the growth and survival rate of Penaeus vannamei.
Second, the stocking of shrimp until the water temperature above 20 °C after the release of seedlings. More than 1 cm per acre of water surface specifications, normal color, strong vitality, after desalination to 1.5 ‰ below the white shrimp 150,000 -2.0 million. Choose sunny morning or late afternoon. After the shrimps are transported to the shrimp ponds, the seedling bags should be put into the shrimp ponds and then put into the pool after the water temperature is balanced so as to increase the survival rate of the shrimp seedlings. Each pond should be filled with the same batch of shrimp with the same specifications at the same time to avoid individual differences and affect the production effect.
Third, feeding technology Latin American white shrimp on the bait although the requirements are not high, but still need to pay attention to nutrition and scientific feeding, the entire breeding period to South American white shrimp special feed, to promote the rapid growth of shrimp.
After 15 days of stocking, the shrimp stocks are rich in water and only need to be supplemented with a small amount of formulated feed. The shrimp should be fed 2-3 times a day; afterwards, as the shrimp grows, the amount of feed should be increased accordingly and the grain should be fed accordingly. As for the shrimp, the daily feeding rate increased to 4-5 times (7:00, 11:00, 15:00, 19:00, 21:00). Due to the habit of nourishing the white shrimps in the South America, they cast less in the daytime, and the amount of bait accounted for 20%-30%. At night, the amount of bait was 70%-80%. Under normal circumstances, the amount of daily feeding is: before the weight of 10 grams, the amount of feeding 5%-6% of body weight; weight of 10-15 grams, the amount of bait accounted for 4.0-4.5% of body weight; weight of more than 20 grams, Feeding accounts for 2.5% to 3.0% of body weight.
In order to speed up the growth of shrimp seedlings, feed 1-2 times of fresh meat fish into the meat paste every week, and mix in vitamin C, E and cod liver oil properly to enhance the shrimp disease resistance. It is better to feed live bait in the evening.
Fourth, management measures
1. Scientifically changing the water The whole breeding process adopts a semi-enclosed cultivation method, ie, the water is gradually added to the maximum water level in the early stage of 15 meters. In the middle and later stages, a small amount of water is changed. Generally, the water is changed by about 20 centimeters every 10-15 days, and the water salt is adjusted at the same time. degree. If there is a reservoir, the salinity of the reservoir can be first adjusted to be consistent with the pond, and then the water can be directly added to the pond. Breeding fresh water during the whole period of the cultivation is beneficial to the survival of the shrimp. If the water quality is too fat, white tail chain adjustment can be added.
2, a reasonable adjustment of water quality Mountainous water more than acidic, water quality regulation should be strengthened. Every 10-15 days, the whole body is splashed with quick lime of 15-20 dry grams/mu, and the pH of the water body is adjusted to between 7.5-8.5. It also increases the calcium ion in the water, which is beneficial to the molting and growth of the white shrimp. In addition, “three-in-one water purification agentâ€, “dibromohydantoin†and “live enzyme†are regularly splashed to improve the water quality, create a good living environment for the shrimp, and promote its healthy growth.
3, timely oxygenation start aerator, maintain sufficient dissolved oxygen in water, required to reach 3-4 mg / liter. Normally, the daily aerator will be opened for 3-6 hours, and the rainy days and the later period of culture should be extended.
4. Strengthen the prevention of diseases by adopting the combination of drugs and biology to prevent diseases. The first is to add disease-preventing drugs in the feed, such as "anti-viral iodine", "shrimp used in Chinese herbal medicine", etc.; the second is to use tea seed cake 4-6 kg/mu soaked in Quanchiposa, 1-2 times a month, with Stimulate shrimp oyster shell, accelerate growth, and play a role in disease prevention and detoxification.
5, pay attention to daily management should strengthen the patrol pool inspection routinely, determine the water quality of the water body and the growth of shrimp, find problems in a timely manner and properly handle.
Jilin Maifeng Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of BCHT, is devoted to mostly R&D in high density cell culture technique and its application for large scale production. Jilin Maifeng is the first company to develop and apply the self-developed microcarrier bioreactor technology to produce Rabies Vaccine For Human Use.
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