Abstract: Objective: To directly and accurately identify the green scorpion and its counterfeits. Methods: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to directly determine the infrared spectrum of Qinglanzi and its counterfeits. RESULTS: The infrared absorption of the green scorpion and its fake cockscomb, scorpion scorpion, amaranth and scutellaria were significantly different. Conclusion: The FTIR method can be used to directly and quickly identify the scorpion scorpion and its fake cockscomb, scorpion scorpion, amaranth and scutellaria.
Key words: Qinglanzi; pseudo-product; identification; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Qinglanzi, also known as Cao Cassia ("Shen Nong's Herbal Classic"), dog tail and oxtail flower, is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. Its source is the amaranth plant, Celosia argentea L. Dry ripe seeds. Its efficacy is clearing the liver, eyesight, and phlegm. For liver heat red, eye decidua, visual dim, liver fire dizziness, skin itching and so on. The author collected a number of commercially available scorpions and cockscombs, scorpion scorpions, leeks, and large-scale green scorpions and other fakes for identification research.
Because the traditional Chinese medicine contains high fat oil, traditional methods such as trait identification, microscopic identification and physical and chemical identification, as well as modern instrumental analysis methods such as thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography are not ideal. . Infrared spectroscopy, with its "fingerprint" characteristics, has attracted more and more attention. Conventional infrared spectroscopy requires separation and extraction of the medicinal material, and the obtained infrared spectrum is not passed through Kubelka. Munk function conversion, the infrared absorption intensity is not completely proportional to an active ingredient in the medicine. In this paper, the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer is used to directly, quickly and accurately determine the infrared spectrum of the green scorpion and its counterfeit by the OMNI sampler. After the Kubelka-Munk function is converted, the absorbance of the absorption peak of the infrared spectrum is compared with that in the medicinal material. The active ingredient is directly proportional to the appearance of the infrared spectrum absorption and the intensity of the absorption peak to determine the authenticity of the seed Chinese herbal medicine.
1 Materials and instruments
1.1 The material of the scorpion is the genus Celosia argen. Tea L. Dry ripe seeds, Celosia cristata Celosia cristata L. Dry mature seeds, anti-twigs of the genus Amoranthuz retroflexus L. Dry ripe seeds, amaranth for the genus Amaranthuz tricolor L. Dry mature seeds, large-order green scorpion scorpion for the genus Amaranthus patulus Berto1. Dry ripe seeds. All samples were provided by Jinhua Drug Testing Institute of Zhejiang Province, and were appraised by the Chinese medicine division of the Chinese Medicine Department Li Bingzhen and the Professor Liu Peng of the Zhejiang Normal University.
1.2 Instruments NEXUS 670 Fourier transform infrared spectrometer produced by NICOLET, USA, TGS detector, OMNI E. S. P. 5.1 intelligent operation software, OMNI sampler, the spectral range is 4OOO ~ 650 / cm, the resolution is 0.125 / cm, the scanning accumulation times 128 times.
2 Methods The single-sided knife-cut sample of the kernel and the outer skin were placed on the enamel wafer in the sampler of the infrared spectrometer to directly measure the infrared spectrum of the sample. After zui passed Kubelka. Munk function conversion (the abscissa is the wave number and the ordinate is the absorbance).
3 Results and analysis
3.1 Comparison of Infrared Spectra of Five Species of Infrared Spectra In the infrared spectrum of the seeds of the scorpion scorpion, the cockscomb, the scorpion, the scorpion and the scorpion, the scorpion has only one in 1448.96/cm. Medium-intensity absorption peaks, while other four plant seeds have multiple absorptions; green scorpions have moderate-intensity absorption at 928.41, 843.42, and 758.43/cm, while the other four seeds are weakly absorbed in this area. The green scorpion and the cockscomb have a broad absorption peak at 1371.82/cm, and the other three seeds are bimodal; the cockscomb has a distinct absorption peak at 1279.45/cm, while the other 4 species have no absorption here. The green scorpion absorbs zui strong at 3384.15 and 1017.09/cm.
3.2 Comparison of the infrared spectrum of the outer skin of 5 plant seeds In the infrared spectrum of the seed coats of the scorpion scorpion, the cockscomb, the scorpion scorpion, the leeks and the large-sized green scorpion, it can be seen that the infrared spectrum of the scorpion The characteristic absorption peak is at 1279.45/cm, and the other four seeds have almost no absorption here; at l105.77, 1072.52, 1050.35, and 1024.48/cm, the green scorpion has a quadruple peak with roughly equivalent intensity, while Others The four seeds showed weak absorption in this region, and there was only one absorption peak (anti-branched scorpion, amaranth and large-order green scorpion scorpion) or two absorption peaks (Celosia chinensis); qingzizi at 1456.81 A broad peak appeared at ~1360.74/cm, while the other four seeds showed a weaker narrow peak. In addition, the scorpion is different from the other four seeds in absorption at 1626.79 and l153.81/cm. From the infrared absorption of the seed and cortex of each sample, it can be seen that the characteristic absorption of the infrared spectrum of the green scorpion and the other four kinds of counterfeits is large, indicating that the main chemical components are different.
3.3 Repeatability test The seed and seed coats of the same batch of six samples of the same batch of green scorpion were cut by a single-sided knife, and the infrared spectrum was measured on a ruthenium wafer. The results showed that the repeatability was good. Repeated tests were carried out on different fake cockscombs, scorpion scorpions, leeks, and large-sized green scorpions, and the results were good.
4 Discussion
4.1 The experimental results show that: the green scorpion and its fake cockscomb, scorpion scorpion, leeks and scutellaria chinensis, although they are all seed-based Chinese medicinal materials, have similar appearance, but their infrared spectra are quite different. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy can be used to directly identify the seed kernels and skin parts of the seeds.
4.2 By using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the infrared spectrum of the medicinal material can be directly determined by means of the OMNI sampler, which can eliminate the uncertainties in the extraction method and the infrared sample preparation. Since the OMNI sampler is a "point-to-point" direct sampling measurement, and the obtained infrared spectrum is converted by the Kubelka-Munk function, the absorption of the absorption peak of the infrared spectrum is directly proportional to the active component in the medicinal material, thereby increasing the accuracy of the measurement. .
4.3 For different seed Chinese herbal medicines, as long as the components contained are certain, the absorption spectrum of the infrared spectrum is also certain. Because the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer has higher resolution, the repeatability of the measurement is better than other instruments. Therefore, the direct measurement of infrared spectroscopy has high objectivity and repeatability. This law is direct, fast and accurate.
4.4 For seed-based Chinese herbal medicines, FTIR direct measurement method can be used for rapid identification of authenticity, which is worthy of promotion.
references
1 National Pharmacopoeia Commission. Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (1). Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2000: 157
2 China National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Institute for Drug Control. Chinese herbal medicine authenticity identification diagram (3). Guangzhou: Guangdong Science and Technology Press, 1997: 114
Key words: Qinglanzi; pseudo-product; identification; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Qinglanzi, also known as Cao Cassia ("Shen Nong's Herbal Classic"), dog tail and oxtail flower, is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. Its source is the amaranth plant, Celosia argentea L. Dry ripe seeds. Its efficacy is clearing the liver, eyesight, and phlegm. For liver heat red, eye decidua, visual dim, liver fire dizziness, skin itching and so on. The author collected a number of commercially available scorpions and cockscombs, scorpion scorpions, leeks, and large-scale green scorpions and other fakes for identification research.
Because the traditional Chinese medicine contains high fat oil, traditional methods such as trait identification, microscopic identification and physical and chemical identification, as well as modern instrumental analysis methods such as thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography are not ideal. . Infrared spectroscopy, with its "fingerprint" characteristics, has attracted more and more attention. Conventional infrared spectroscopy requires separation and extraction of the medicinal material, and the obtained infrared spectrum is not passed through Kubelka. Munk function conversion, the infrared absorption intensity is not completely proportional to an active ingredient in the medicine. In this paper, the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer is used to directly, quickly and accurately determine the infrared spectrum of the green scorpion and its counterfeit by the OMNI sampler. After the Kubelka-Munk function is converted, the absorbance of the absorption peak of the infrared spectrum is compared with that in the medicinal material. The active ingredient is directly proportional to the appearance of the infrared spectrum absorption and the intensity of the absorption peak to determine the authenticity of the seed Chinese herbal medicine.
1 Materials and instruments
1.1 The material of the scorpion is the genus Celosia argen. Tea L. Dry ripe seeds, Celosia cristata Celosia cristata L. Dry mature seeds, anti-twigs of the genus Amoranthuz retroflexus L. Dry ripe seeds, amaranth for the genus Amaranthuz tricolor L. Dry mature seeds, large-order green scorpion scorpion for the genus Amaranthus patulus Berto1. Dry ripe seeds. All samples were provided by Jinhua Drug Testing Institute of Zhejiang Province, and were appraised by the Chinese medicine division of the Chinese Medicine Department Li Bingzhen and the Professor Liu Peng of the Zhejiang Normal University.
1.2 Instruments NEXUS 670 Fourier transform infrared spectrometer produced by NICOLET, USA, TGS detector, OMNI E. S. P. 5.1 intelligent operation software, OMNI sampler, the spectral range is 4OOO ~ 650 / cm, the resolution is 0.125 / cm, the scanning accumulation times 128 times.
2 Methods The single-sided knife-cut sample of the kernel and the outer skin were placed on the enamel wafer in the sampler of the infrared spectrometer to directly measure the infrared spectrum of the sample. After zui passed Kubelka. Munk function conversion (the abscissa is the wave number and the ordinate is the absorbance).
3 Results and analysis
3.1 Comparison of Infrared Spectra of Five Species of Infrared Spectra In the infrared spectrum of the seeds of the scorpion scorpion, the cockscomb, the scorpion, the scorpion and the scorpion, the scorpion has only one in 1448.96/cm. Medium-intensity absorption peaks, while other four plant seeds have multiple absorptions; green scorpions have moderate-intensity absorption at 928.41, 843.42, and 758.43/cm, while the other four seeds are weakly absorbed in this area. The green scorpion and the cockscomb have a broad absorption peak at 1371.82/cm, and the other three seeds are bimodal; the cockscomb has a distinct absorption peak at 1279.45/cm, while the other 4 species have no absorption here. The green scorpion absorbs zui strong at 3384.15 and 1017.09/cm.
3.2 Comparison of the infrared spectrum of the outer skin of 5 plant seeds In the infrared spectrum of the seed coats of the scorpion scorpion, the cockscomb, the scorpion scorpion, the leeks and the large-sized green scorpion, it can be seen that the infrared spectrum of the scorpion The characteristic absorption peak is at 1279.45/cm, and the other four seeds have almost no absorption here; at l105.77, 1072.52, 1050.35, and 1024.48/cm, the green scorpion has a quadruple peak with roughly equivalent intensity, while Others The four seeds showed weak absorption in this region, and there was only one absorption peak (anti-branched scorpion, amaranth and large-order green scorpion scorpion) or two absorption peaks (Celosia chinensis); qingzizi at 1456.81 A broad peak appeared at ~1360.74/cm, while the other four seeds showed a weaker narrow peak. In addition, the scorpion is different from the other four seeds in absorption at 1626.79 and l153.81/cm. From the infrared absorption of the seed and cortex of each sample, it can be seen that the characteristic absorption of the infrared spectrum of the green scorpion and the other four kinds of counterfeits is large, indicating that the main chemical components are different.
3.3 Repeatability test The seed and seed coats of the same batch of six samples of the same batch of green scorpion were cut by a single-sided knife, and the infrared spectrum was measured on a ruthenium wafer. The results showed that the repeatability was good. Repeated tests were carried out on different fake cockscombs, scorpion scorpions, leeks, and large-sized green scorpions, and the results were good.
4 Discussion
4.1 The experimental results show that: the green scorpion and its fake cockscomb, scorpion scorpion, leeks and scutellaria chinensis, although they are all seed-based Chinese medicinal materials, have similar appearance, but their infrared spectra are quite different. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy can be used to directly identify the seed kernels and skin parts of the seeds.
4.2 By using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the infrared spectrum of the medicinal material can be directly determined by means of the OMNI sampler, which can eliminate the uncertainties in the extraction method and the infrared sample preparation. Since the OMNI sampler is a "point-to-point" direct sampling measurement, and the obtained infrared spectrum is converted by the Kubelka-Munk function, the absorption of the absorption peak of the infrared spectrum is directly proportional to the active component in the medicinal material, thereby increasing the accuracy of the measurement. .
4.3 For different seed Chinese herbal medicines, as long as the components contained are certain, the absorption spectrum of the infrared spectrum is also certain. Because the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer has higher resolution, the repeatability of the measurement is better than other instruments. Therefore, the direct measurement of infrared spectroscopy has high objectivity and repeatability. This law is direct, fast and accurate.
4.4 For seed-based Chinese herbal medicines, FTIR direct measurement method can be used for rapid identification of authenticity, which is worthy of promotion.
references
1 National Pharmacopoeia Commission. Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (1). Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2000: 157
2 China National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Institute for Drug Control. Chinese herbal medicine authenticity identification diagram (3). Guangzhou: Guangdong Science and Technology Press, 1997: 114
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