First, grafting time
In the walnut leaf stage (ie, before the male flower expands and extends to the loose powder), the county is generally in the optimum period from April 15 to 25. Premature injury is serious, it is not easy to survive; too late temperature is high, it is not suitable for interface healing, and the survival rate is reduced.
Second, rootstock selection and water treatment
1. Rootstock requirements. Choose 5 to 20 years old tree age, grow strong and no pests and diseases, breast diameter of 4 ~ 25 cm can be used as high rootstock, 4 to 12 cm thick to leave a joint, 12 cm or more to leave 2 to 4 joints.
2. Rootstock wound treatment. The rootstock was cut and dried by the saw head 30 cm above the selected grafting site 10 days before the grafting. After 5 days of sawing, the tree with severe injury was cut off and drained 10 to 30 cm above the grafting site. Small trees are no longer drained. When grafting, the head is sawed at the selected grafting site and grafted immediately. There is still a tree with a wounded flow when grafting (small proportion), and it is wounded in the longitudinal direction of the trunk with a knife and deep into the xylem to achieve the purpose of releasing water.
Third, the grafting method
Use the tongue and tongue connection method. Specific steps:
1. Scion treatment. Cut the scion into small pieces of 12 to 15 cm long, containing two or more full buds, and cut all the ears to seal the wax.
2. Rootstock section treatment. Cut the flat section with the knife at the sawing joint of the rootstock, and determine the number of scion according to the thickness of the rootstock. Generally, the number of the scion is 1-3. The equidistant distance is distributed in different directions. The rootstock of the rootstock inserted into the ear is cut off by 6-8 cm, and then cut one. 0.5 cm crescent-shaped bevel.
3. Cut the ear. Cut the horseshoe-shaped cut surface of 5 to 8 cm long on the back of the bottom bud, cut it into a container of water and set aside.
4. Insert the ear. Remove the scion from the water container, pry open the cortex behind the cut surface, and insert the cut scion into the cortex of the rootstock incision so that the cortex of the scion just covers the endothelium of the rootstock. The depth of the cuttings should be 0.5 cm. "Showing white").
5. Binding the bag. Immediately after inserting the scion, the scion is tied with a plastic strip, and the section and interface are covered with a wet newspaper slightly larger than the section, and then a single layer of newspaper is rolled into a cylindrical shape on the joint, the upper end is 3 cm higher than the scion, and the lower end Tied on the rootstock, and then filled the paper tube with moist fine soil (hands in a group, landing can be used as a criterion for judging the soil), shaking the trunk, making the soil solid, in the corresponding plastic bag of the thickness of the paper tube jacket, The upper end is sealed, the lower mouth is tied on the rootstock, and a water line is tied in the middle.
Fourth, after the management
1. Wipe. All the buds on the rootstock are erased to reduce nutrient consumption and promote germination.
2. Release the wind in time. About 20 days after picking up, the buds gradually expanded and grew out of the newspaper, and opened a small hole in the plastic bag in time above the bud. When the scion grows 10 cm from the small hole, all open the mouth.
3. Attach the bracket. When the scion grows to 30 cm, remove all the plastic bags and tie the brackets in time to prevent wind folding.
4. Bud pick up. High-connected failure tree, leaving 2 to 4 strong sprouts, the rest is erased, and the buds are connected in the middle and late June, and the growth can reach 50 cm or more in that year. Through two grafting, the survival rate can reach more than 98%.
The walnuts are formed quickly and the results are early, the yield is high, and the flowers are grafted in the same year. In the second year, the plants produce more than 0.5 kg. In the third year, the original canopy can be restored, and the plant produces more than 2.5 kg. The result of the higher premise is 5 to 10 years earlier, the yield increase is obvious, and the benefit is remarkable. It is the fastest way to achieve superior seeding in our county.
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