I. Peanut Blight 1. Symptoms. Peanut bacterial wilt disease mostly began to develop before and after flowering, but it was the most severe disease in the period of full bloom, and the condition was alleviated after scab. The symptoms are characterized by the following symptoms: the upper leaves of the diseased plants are rapidly withering, the vascular bundles in the underground roots are browned, and the vertical roots are in the roots. When the moisture squeezes the incisions, the turbid bacteria can be exuded. If the rhizomes are suspended in the clean water, they are immersed in water. It can be seen that the smoke-like turbid fluid emerges from the incision, which is a reliable basis for the diagnosis of this disease. The chlorophyll of the withered leaves is not yet destroyed, but the leaves are still green with a lack of luster, hence the name of bacterial wilt. 2, the incidence of law. The bacterial wilt pathogens mainly in winter in the soil, but also in the sick and soil miscellaneous fertilizer overwintering, diseased soil, diseased fertilizer is the primary source of infection in the following year. Bacteria spread through soil, rainwater, irrigation water, agricultural activities, etc., and invade from the root rhizome wound or natural orifice. The prevalence of diseases is closely related to factors such as weather, soil, farming systems, plant growth period, and variety resistance. High temperature and rain, especially when it is sunny, or when there is a long drought or shower, and when the temperature and humidity of the soil are changed drastically, the disease is most likely to be induced; the soil is shallow, the soil with poor fertility and water retention, or the yellow clay with poor permeability, All diseases are favorable; incidence of continuous cropping is more severe than that of crop rotation; partial application of nitrogenous fertilizers is more susceptible to disease incidence; vine-type cultivars are more resistant than straight-type and pearl-pea cultivars; southern cultivars are more resistant than northern cultivars. The incidence of plants before and after flowering to the crusting stage accounted for more than 70% of the incidence of the whole growth period. 3, control measures (1) a reasonable rotation. It is advisable to implement an agrarian and dry crop rotation, at least with dry cane crops such as sugar cane and sweet potatoes. The length of rotation depends on the severity of the illness. (2) Selection of disease-resistant varieties. According to local conditions, it is possible to use Xieqing 10, 11, Tianfu 11, Yuhua 14, Yuanza 9102, Yueyou 589, 320, Guiyou 28, Quanhua 3121, Taishan Pearl Bean and other varieties. (3) Strengthen cultivation management. Deep soaking soil or water dipping field (the longer the better); Rectify the drainage and irrigation system, improve the ability of planting land to fight floods and droughts, prevent string irrigation, increase lime properly, and adjust soil acidity; remove central diseased plants timely, pay attention to field sanitation; Fertilize, avoid partial nitrogen fertilizer, do not apply soil miscellaneous fertilizer with sick body. (4) Take a curative approach to block the onset center by spraying liquid medicine. On the center of the disease, try 20% quinolone 1000 times, or 600 times potassium permanganate or 600 times copper ammonia solution to spray the diseased spot and neighboring healthy strains 2-3 times or more continuously. Incidence centers, control of disease spread have a certain role. Second, peanut stalk rot of peanut stalks, all producing areas across the country have occurred, especially in the northern production areas are serious, often causing large plant deaths. 1, symptoms. The disease can occur in peanut seedling stage and adult stage. The diseased part was in the stem base and root neck of the plant near the ground. The affected part was yellowish-brown to blackish-brown at first, and then turned dry rot. The surface of the diseased part was as dense as a small black needle, which was the origin of pathogenic bacteria. Sporulator. In severe cases, the basal cortex falls off and the whole plant withers. 2, the incidence of law. The pathogens mainly survive the winter in the soil left over from the diseased body or mixed with soil and mixed fertilizers, and they can also adhere to the seedlings and seed kernels for winter and spread through wind and rain or agricultural operations, and directly invade pathogens from the host's wounds or epidermis. The prevalence of the disease is closely related to weather, seeds, cultivation management and breed resistance. Warm and rainy, with high soil moisture, or heavy rain, and sudden changes in soil temperature; climatic drought, high soil surface temperature, plant burns, often prone to induce the disease; harvest more rain, seed pods are not fully dried to storage, Inadequate storage after warehousing causes mildew of molds, reduced seed viability, increased bacterial seeding rate, and easy incidence after sowing; continuous plots, plots with poor soil structure and fertility, or application of soil-fertilizer with diseased residues, incidence Heavier; Spring peanuts are more severe than summer peanuts, and early spring sowing of peanuts is more severe than late sowing. 3, prevention measures. The comprehensive prevention and control measures shall be adopted based on agricultural control and supplemented by chemical control. (1) Variety of disease-resistant varieties in severely afflicted areas should be selected, and seeds should be retained and stored. The rotation of crops should be carried out for 1-2 years. (2) Disinfection of seed dressing before seeding. Can be used 40% triadimefon carbendazim WP or 45% triadimefon thiram wettable powder dressing 24 hours after sowing seeds (with seeds 0.3% of seed weight). (3) Strengthen cultivation management. Thoroughly clean the garden when harvesting, collect the disease and burn it; don't use the diseased rattan to heap fertilizer, do not use soil and fertilizer with diseased residues; adjust the sowing time according to local conditions; correct the drainage and irrigation system, improve the ability of planting land to fight floods and drought; formula fertilization, Increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; fine soil preparation, pay attention to the depth of sowing and soil cover, and promote seed germination. (4) Do a good job of spraying to prevent and control disease. After the seedlings were sprayed, the spray agent was sprayed 1 time before flowering and before flowering, and the sprayed stem base was emphasized. In addition to the 1000-1500 times solution used in the above seed dressings, 70% thiophanate wettable powder and 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder (1:1) 1000-1500 times, or 30% oxygen chloride can be used. Copper plus 70% mancozeb WP (1:1) 1000 times, or 65% gram of wettable powder 600-800 times spray control.
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